Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IM3 > Cancer Intro > Flashcards

Cancer Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two good genes associated with cancer

A

Proto-oncogene
Tumor suppressor gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two bad genes associated with cancer

A

Oncogene
Mutated tumor suppressor gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the proto-oncogene do?

A

Controls growth of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the oncogene

A

Mutated proto-oncogene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the oncogene do

A

Uncontrolled cell growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the tumor suppressor gene do

A

Slow down cellular division
Cause cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the mutated tumor suppressor gene do

A

Uncontrolled cell growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do well differentiated cells resemble

A

Resemble normal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are well differentiated cells mature or immature

A

Mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Well differentiated cells function more like a ______ cell

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Do well differentiated cells grow at a slower or faster rate

A

Slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are well differentiated cells aggressive or less aggressive

A

Less aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are well differentiated cells typically benign or malignant

A

Typically benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Poorly differentiated cells do not resemble _______ cells

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are poorly differentiated cells immature or mature cells

A

Immature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Poorly differentiated cells lack

A

Structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are poorly differentiated cells aggressive or less aggressive

A

Aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are poorly differentiated cells typically benign or typically malignant

A

Typically malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Benign cells only grow _____ and cannot spread by ______ or ______

A

Locally
Invasion
Metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Malignant cells invade neighboring ________, enter ______, and metastasize to ______ sites

A

Tissues
Blood vessels
Different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the mode of a benign cell

A

Expands, usually encapsulated

22
Q

What is the rate of growth for a benign Cell

A

Usually slow

23
Q

Do benign cells metastasize

A

No

24
Q

Is there any destruction associated with benign cells

A

Usually none unless blood flow is impaired

25
Q

Is there any morbidity with benign tumors

A

Minimal-unless location interferes w/ vital functions

26
Q

What is the mode of malignant cells

A

Sends out projections that infiltrate and destroy

27
Q

What is the growth rate of malignant tumors

A

Variable growth rate

28
Q

Do malignant tumors metastasize

A

Yes

29
Q

Does a benign tumor have localized or generalized effects

A

localized

30
Q

Does a malignant tumor have localized or generalized effects

A

generalized

31
Q

What are the generalized effects from a malignant cell (3)

A

anemia
weakness
wt. loss

32
Q

Do benign tumors cause any destruction in the body

A

not usually unless there is impaired blood flow

33
Q

Do malignant tumors cause any destruction in the body

A

often extensive

34
Q

Malignant tumors excrete _____ and use up _______ during destruction

A

toxins
blood supply

35
Q

What is the morbidity rate for someone with a benign tumor

A

minimal unless location interferes with vital function

36
Q

What is the morbidity rate for someone with a malignant tumor

A

high unless growth & spread can be controlled/stopped

37
Q

What is the definition of metastasis

A

malignant cells travel through blood or lymph system & invade other tissues or organs to form secondary tumor

38
Q

What are the 4 common sites of metastases

A

brain
lung
liver
bone

39
Q

Which site is the most painful site to have metastasis

A

bone

40
Q

What is primary prevention for a cancer pt

A

wellness
health promotion & illness prevention
reduction of cancer mortality via reduction in incidence of cancer

41
Q

How is primary prevention accomplished (5)

A

avoiding a carcinogen
adequate & proper nutrition
stress reduction
lifestyle changes
dietary changes

42
Q

What is secondary prevention

A

screening
diagnoses & treatment

43
Q

what is the goal of secondary prevention

A

halt progress of cancer through early screening & diagnoses

44
Q

what is tertiary prevention

A

disease treatment & rehabilitation
health restoration

45
Q

what is the goal of tertiary prevention

A

prevent further deterioration

46
Q

Tamoxifen is a chemo preventative for

A

breast cancer

47
Q

What does tamoxifen bind

A

estrogen & progesterone receptors

48
Q

What are the types of screening for a cancer pt (4)

A

physical exam
lab tests
imaging procedures
genetic testing

49
Q

What are the seven warning signs of cancer

A

Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or else where
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

50
Q

tumor markers determine if the body is what

A

responding to treatment

51
Q

what is the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

A

it is a tumor marker

52
Q

what does the CEA determine

A

determines if treatment is sufficent

IM3 (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions