Body Systems: Digestion (Ingestion)

Question 1

Ingestion:

Answer 1

Taking in nutrients.

Question 2

Digestion:

Answer 2

Breakdown of nutrients.

Question 3

What are the types of digestion?

Answer 3

Physical/mechanical digestion and chemical (enzymes) digestion.

Question 4

Absorption:

Answer 4

Transportation of digested nutrients via blood.

Question 5

Elimination:

Answer 5

Removal of undigested waste.

Question 6

The human digestive tract is about how long?

Answer 6

6.5-9 m long.

Question 7

The 4 components of digestion are:

Answer 7

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Question 8

What type of digestion does the mouth do?

Answer 8

Physical (mechanical) digestion.

Question 9

Digestion begins in the mouth where:

Answer 9

Food is chewed to form a bolus.

Question 10

The mouth:

Answer 10

Breaks food into smaller pieces to increase the surface area for chemical digestion.

Question 11

Teeth are:

Answer 11

Covered in enamel, hardest substance in the human body.

Question 12

What is saliva?

Answer 12

Fluid produced by salivary glands.

Question 13

What are the two functions of saliva and what do they do?

Answer 13

1. Contains salivary amylase enzymes: breakdown complex carbs (starches), chemical digestion. 2. Dissolves food particles: flavour receptors on tongue, lubricates food.

Question 14

What is the esophagus?

Answer 14

A tube from your mouth to your stomach.

Question 15

Food bolus enters the esophagus and activates:

Answer 15

1. Walls of esophagus to stretch. 2. Peristalsis: smooth muscle that lines the esophagus involuntarily. Contracts to help move food down.

Question 16

What is the esophageal sphincter?

Answer 16

It is a ring like muscular structure that controls food entry into the stomach.

Question 17

The stomach:

Answer 17

Is a J-shaped organ, is a site of food storage and initial protein digestion, contains folded layers that increase surface area, preforms physical digestion- churning of food by stomach muscles.

Question 18

What pH range does the stomach have?

Answer 18

1.0-3.0 (acidic).

Question 19

The pyloric sphincter:

Answer 19

Controls the emptying of stomach contents into the small intestine.

Question 20

The stomach contains:

Answer 20

Gastric juices, HCl, pepsinogen, mucus.

Question 21

Gastric juices:

Answer 21

Secreted by cells lining the stomach.

Question 22

What contributes to the chemical digestion of food and converts food into chyme?

Answer 22

The stomach.

Question 23

HCl:

Answer 23

Kills harmful substances and converts pepsinogen into its active form “pepsin”.

Question 24

What is pepsin?

Answer 24

A protein digesting enzyme.

Question 25

What is mucus?

Answer 25

A protective alkaline layer that prevents the stomach from being broken down by HCL.

Question 26

Ulcers:

Answer 26

Mucus layer in the stomach breaks down. Stomach wall exposed to HCl (aq) and pepsin. Increased acid production. Very painful, may be due to bacteria, diet and stress contribute.