Ecology: (Classifying And Naming Organisms)

Question 1

Classification of organisms:

Answer 1

•classifying organisms is important so that you may accurately collect and share data.
•the estimated number of organisms in the world is between 10 - 100 million!
•taxonomy: the science of classification according to the presumed relationships among organisms.

Question 2

Early classification systems:

Answer 2

•Aristotle: plants and animals (2 kingdoms).
•discovery of microorganisms forced scientists to reconsider their criteria for classification.
•Ernst Haeckel (German biologist): added Protista kingdom (for organisms that were neither plants or animals).

Question 3

6 kingdoms of life: Archaea:

Answer 3

•prokaryote = single-celled, enucleated (no nucleus).
•capable of living in extreme environments, such as salt lakes, Hot Springs, and underwater thermal hot vents.

Question 4

6 kingdoms of life: Bacteria:

Answer 4

•prokaryote.
•genetically very different from archaebacteria.

Question 5

6 kingdoms of life: Protista:

Answer 5

•eukaryote = have nucleus.
•unicellular and multicellular (mostly unicellular).
•consist of autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Question 6

6 kingdoms of life: Fungi:

Answer 6

•eukaryote.
•unicellular and multicellular.
•obtain food by secreting digestive enzymes into their food source—> absorb molecules released by the enzymes.
•sessile (do not move).

Question 7

6 kingdoms of life: Plantae:

Answer 7

•eukaryote.
•most are multicellular with specialized cells.
•capable of photosynthesis (autotrophs).
•sessile (do not move).

Question 8

6 kingdoms of life: Animalia:

Answer 8

•eukaryote.
•multicellular.
•ingest their food (heterotrophs).
•motile.

Question 9

Three domains of life:

Answer 9

•NEW level of classification ABOVE kingdoms—> DOMANS.
1. Eukarya:
-includes the kingdoms of Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
2. Bacteria:
-includes the kingdom bacteria.
3. Archaea:
-includes the kingdom Archaea.

Question 10

Level of classification (1):

Answer 10

•Swedish biologist Carolyn Linnaeus subdivided each kingdom into smaller and smaller groups of increasing similarity.

Question 11

Binomial nomenclature:

Answer 11

•developed by Linnaeus.
•binomial nomenclature is a two-word naming system compromised of the genus and species name.
•genus: appears 1st, noun, capitalized, underlined or italicized.
•species: appears 2nd, descriptive, lower case, underlined or italicized.

Question 12

Dichotomous keys:

Answer 12

•dichotomous key: identification key that uses a series of paired organisms to sort organisms into smaller and smaller groups.
•arranged in steps—> 2 statements per step.
•can be very detailed and fill several pages.

Question 13

Levels of classification (2):

Answer 13

•domain (domains).
•kingdom (kingdoms).
•phylum (phyla).
•class (classes).
•order (orders).
•family (families).
•genus (genera).
•species (species).
•••••
Acronym to help remember:
-Directly
-Kissing
-People
-Carries
-Over
-Filthy
-Germs &
-Spit

Question 14

Major phyla:*

Answer 14

-Nematoda:
•estimated 500,000 species.
•most are parasites.
•fixed number of cells.
-Arthropoda:
•largest phylum (3.7 million).
•jointed limbs.
•exoskeleton of chitin.
-Mollusca:
•mantle (muscular foot).
•radula (teeth band).
-Echinodermata:
•radial symmetry.

Question 15

What kind of symmetry do humans have?

Answer 15

Bilateral symmetry.