Chapter 3

Question 1

Why is H2O uniquely important to life?

Answer 1

1. It is both cohesive(sticks to itself) and adhesive(sticks to other molecules)
2. Can moderate temperature changes
3. Solvent
4. Ice floats on water, insulating a body of water

Question 2

Explain how hydrogen bonds form

Answer 2

A Hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond to an electronegative atom, creating a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other. The negatively charged side of one molecule is then bonded to a positively charged side of another.

Question 3

What are the four building blocks of life?

Answer 3

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

Question 4

What are adipose cells?

Answer 4

Fat cells storing Triacylglycerol for hunger regulation

Question 5

Describe the structure of phospholipids

Answer 5

A glycerol molecule bonded to two fatty acids(hydrophobic), and a phosphate group(hydrophilic)

Question 6

Name the 3 main types of lipids

Answer 6

Tryaclyglycerol, Phospholipids, Steriods

Question 7

Which lipid is structural?

Answer 7

Phospholipids

Question 8

Which lipid is used for energy storage?

Answer 8

Tryacylglycerol

Question 9

Which carbohydrates are structural?

Answer 9

Cellulose, chitin

Question 10

Which carbohydrates are used for energy storage?

Answer 10

Glycogen, starch

Question 11

What are the key features of glycogen

Answer 11

-storage polysaccharide
-in animal livers and muscle cells

Question 12

describe the relationship between glycogen, the liver, and glucose

Answer 12

insulin moves glucose from the bloodstream into the liver, which turns glucose into glycogen and stores it until it is signaled to break glycogen back down into glucose for it to reenter the bloodstream

Question 13

What are the key characteristics of Cellulose?

Answer 13

-Found in plant cell walls
-polymer of glucose

Question 14

What are amino acids?

Answer 14

A sequence of a polypeptide programmed by a gene

Question 15

What is DNA

Answer 15

-Deoxiribonucleic acid
-nucleic acid made of monomers called nucleotides

Question 16

What are the key characteristics of RNA

Answer 16

-usually single-stranded
-adenine + uracil instead of adenine + thymine

Question 17

What type of Lipid is Cholesterol?

Answer 17

Steroid

Question 18

Which nucleotide is only present in RNA

Answer 18

Uracil(U)

Question 19

Is glucose a monosaccharide or polysaccharide?

Answer 19

Monosaccharide

Question 20

Energy storage polysaccharide in the liver

Answer 20

glycogen

Question 21

What type of cell does not have organelles?

Answer 21

Prokaryotes

Question 22

What Lipid makes up the majority of the cell membrane

Answer 22

Phospholipids

Question 23

Which organelle converts light into energy?

Answer 23

Chloroplasts

Question 24

Name the process by which polymer synthesis happens

Answer 24

Dehydration reaction

Question 25

Which lipid is structural in plants

Answer 25

Cellulose

Question 26

What do amino acids make up?

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

Amino acids are composed of…

Answer 27

an amino group, carboxyl group, and a variable group that can be polar or non polar

Question 28

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Answer 28

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Question 29

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 29

The amino acid sequence

Question 30

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 30

the coils and folds in the amino acid chain. Can be an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet.

Question 31

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 31

Overall shape of the polypeptide

Question 32

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Answer 32

Two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule(ei. Collagen)