Chapter 4(organelles)

Question 1

Nucleolus

Answer 1

-site where RNA is synthesized

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

-largest compartment of the cell
-contains genetic information(DNA)
-has a double layered nuclear membrane

Question 3

mRNA

Answer 3

a transcription of instructions from DNA that moves to the cytoplasm to be translated by ribosomes into the amino acid sequence of a protein

Question 4

ribosomes

Answer 4

-use instructions from mRNA to build proteins
-located freely in cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

which ribosomes make proteins that are most likely to be transported out of the cell?

Answer 5

ribosomes attached to the ER

Question 6

What is included in the endomembrane system?

Answer 6

nuclear envelope
-ER
-golgi apparatus
-lysosomes
-some vesicles and vacoules
-plasma membrane

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

-a continuous connection from the nucleus’ outer membrane
-manufacturing site of the cell
-produces a variety of molecules, including phospholipids, steroids, proteins for membranes, other organelles

Question 8

Smooth ER

Answer 8

-packages proteins and lipids to send to the golgi apparatus
-synthesis of some hormones

Question 9

Rough ER

Answer 9

-ribosomes attached to the rough ER produce proteins
-membrane-making(adds proteins and phospholipids to the membrane)

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

-refines, packages, and ships proteins
-sends materials to other parts of the cell

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

-sac of digestive enzymes
-made by ER, processed by golgi apparatus
-fuse with food vacoules to digest food
-recycling damaged cells and making organic molecules ready for reuse

Question 12

vacuoles

Answer 12

-hold chemicals that make plants and fungi poisonous
-forms by being pinched off of the plasma membrane

Question 13

cytoplasm

Answer 13

-includes organelles
-outside nucleus, inside membrane

Question 14

cytosol

Answer 14

cytoplasm not including organelles

Question 15

mitochondria

Answer 15

-has and inner and outer membrane
-energy processing
-carry out cellular respiration
-transform chemical energy of foods into ATP
-contain their own DNA

Question 16

chloroplasts

Answer 16

-convert solar energy into chemical energy

Question 17

What is endosymbiosis?

Answer 17

Chloroplasts and mitochondria were formerly prokaryotes that began living in larger cells. Only cells that evolved to become dependent on the energy provided by chloroplasts have them(plants)

Question 18

cytoskeleton

Answer 18

-structural support
-create roads inside the cell aiding the travel of motor proteins