An Overview of Digestion

Question 1

ingestion

Answer 1

refers to taking food into mouth

Question 2

peristalsis

Answer 2

moves food through the alimentary canal by waves of muscle contraction

Question 3

digestion describes

Answer 3

the breakdown of food

Question 4

mechanical digestion

Answer 4

physically breaks down food into small pieces

Question 5

chemical digestion

Answer 5

splits complex molecules into smaller molecuels

Question 6

absorption

Answer 6

describes the movement of diegsted food from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream or lymphatic system for distribution of cells

Question 7

defecatation

Answer 7

refers to the elimation of indigestible substances from the body

Question 8

the alimentary canal

Answer 8

a muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

Question 9

the alimentary canal consists of

Answer 9

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 10

accessory structures include

Answer 10

the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder

Question 11

accessory structure functions

Answer 11

either prepare food for digestion or produce and store secretions that aid in digestion

Question 12

the mucosa is

Answer 12

the inner lining of the alimentary canal and it consists of sublayers

Question 13

histology of mucosa

Answer 13

simple columnar epithelium exists throughout most of alimentary canal, but stratified squamous epithelium lines alimentary canal from mouth to stomach and alse anal canal where abrasion mostly occurs

Question 14

lamina propria

Answer 14

areolar connective tissue that contains blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 15

lamina propria contains lymphoid tissue to

Answer 15

protect the gastrointestinal tract against bacteria

Question 16

muscularis mucosae

Answer 16

a thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 17

muscularis mucosae function

Answer 17

folds in wall of stomach and small intestine increase surface area for digestion and absorption

Question 18

submucosa

Answer 18

a layer of areolar connective tissue that is thicker than the mucosa

Question 19

submucosa components

Answer 19

contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessles, submucosal nerve plexus (of Meissner) which controls movements of muscularis

Question 20

muscularis

Answer 20

contains skeletal muscle in mouth, pharynx, and esophagus to assist in voluntary swallowing, and two layers of smooth muscle throughout the remainder of the alimentary canal to break food down, mix it with secretions and move it towards the anus

Question 21

outer layer of smooth muscle contains

Answer 21

longitudinal fibers

Question 22

inner layer of smooth muscle contains

Answer 22

circular fibers

Question 23

myenteric nerve plexus (of Auerbach)

Answer 23

which controls motility through GI tract

Question 24

serosa

Answer 24

a thin layer of areolar tissue and squamous mesothelium that secretes serous fluid to keep membrane surfaces moist and reduce friction with the abdominal wall
-also known as visceral peritoneum

Question 25

peritoneum

Answer 25

the largest serous membrane in the body

Question 26

parietal peritoneum

Answer 26

lines walls of abdominopelvic cavity

Question 27

visceral peritoneum

Answer 27

covers some of organs in abdominopelvic cavity

Question 28

cavity between the parietal and visceral peritoneum contains

Answer 28

slippery fluid that lubricates digestive organs for easier movements

Question 29

peritonitis

Answer 29

can occur as a result of stab wound or perforated ulcer or ruptrured appendix

Question 30

large peritoneal folds

Answer 30

contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves and they bind to organ to one another and to the walls of the abdominal cavity

Question 31

mesentery

Answer 31

binds intestines together and suspends them from abdnominal wall

Question 32

mesocolon

Answer 32

anchors large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

Question 33

lesser omentum

Answer 33

extends from stomach to liver

Question 34

greather omentum

Answer 34

covers small intestine like a loose apron

Question 35

omenta contain

Answer 35

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, blood vessels and nerves