TBI Flashcards
closed injuries
rapid acceleration/deceleration movement of head, brain strikes skull (blunt external force)
open injuries
object enters brain
primary TBI
at moment of impact
secondary TBI
several days to many weeks after injury
focal injury
- direct blow to head/contact
- collision with external object, fall, penetrating injury
- scalp injury, skull fx, surface contusions
multifocal/diffuse injury
- Includes diffuse axonal injury (DAI), hypoxic-ischemic damage, meningitis, and vascular injury
- caused by acceleration-deceleration forces
- can be due to MVA, bike, skateboard accident, high fall
what score on the GCS is decerebrate rigidity?
2
what score on the GCS is decorticate rigidity?
3
at what RLA level is inpatient rehabilitation phase?
V (confused, inappropriate, nonagitated)
how is apraxia treated?
hand-over-hand activities to repair damaged neural paths, following steps in pics or written on card
what approach to recovery is used during early recovery stages?
remediation/biomechanical
what approach to recovery is used during later recovery stages?
compensatory/rehabilitative
when does the greatest improvement occur for TBI
in the first 5 months
L hemisphere TBI
- language (speech, reading, writing) deficits
- logic deficits
- depression & anxiety
- insight of deficits (anosognosia)
- slow cautious behavior
- easily distractible
- perseveration
R hemisphere TBI
- spatial temporal deficits
- visual-spatial deficits
- poor body scheme/neglect
- lack of insight/poor judgement
- increased safety risk
- difficulty with abstract reasoning
- euphoria
- difficulty perceiving emotions
- impulsive
bilateral TBI
- impaired vision
- confusion
- emotion abnormalities
- short attention span
- memory loss
- poor EF
brain stem TBI
- swallowing & speech difficulties
- unstable vitals
- potential organ failure
frontal brain TBI
- personality changes
- body scheme deficits
- poor problem solving
parietal TBI
- attention deficits
- contralateral neglect
temporal TBI
- agnosia
- prospopagnosia
occipital TBI
- vision impairments