14 Lecture Flashcards
What are the components of an estimation?
- cost
- scope
- time
- infrastructure
How are Personnel Costs estimated
person days * cost rate
How is the Development Time Estimated
Duration = Effort / People
What does Brook’s Law state
Adding more people to a late project makes it even later
How to estimate a project with the Top-Down Approach
- Estimate effort for the whole project
2. Breakdown to different project phases and work products
How to estimate a project with the Bottom-Up Approach
- Start with effort estimations for tasks on the lowest possible level
- Aggregate the estimates until top activities are reached
(good if you already have activities tasks and knowledgeable developers)
What is an expert estimation based on and name 3 methods
Based on:
- Experience
- Domain Knowlege
Methods:
- T-Shirt sizes
- Planning Poker
- Delphi
What is an algorithmic estimation based on and name 3 methods
Based on:
- KPIs
- Formulas
- Metrics
Methods:
- Lines of Code
- COCOMO II
- Aron
What is the cone of uncertainty
At the beginning of a project, before requirements elicitation, estimates have an uncertainty of factor 4
Name three advantages of planning poker
+ Wisdom of the Crowd
+ Conversation is a great pool of important issues
+ Story points can be used to determine the Sprint velocity
Name three disadvantages of planning poker
- Based on expert opinion
- Estimation may vary between two teams
- Estimation changes with different skills and experience
- long discussions
- lazy developers -> overestimate
- people average the amount of points -> limits the discussion
Which three elements are in a dependency diagram?
- Event
- Activity
- Span time
What is the Critical Path?
- A sequence of activities that take the longest time to complete
- Defines how long the project will take
What is a Noncritical Path
- A sequence of activities that can be delayed with the project still finishing in time
How do you determine the critical path in a PERT-Diagram?
forward pass analysis
How do you determine slack times in a PERT-Diagram?
backward pass analysis
What does PERT stand for
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
What is the Formula for Time Expected
TE = (O + 4M + P) / 6
O: Optimistic
M: Most likely
P: Pessimistic
When should a milestone view be used
- Project introduction
- High executive briefings
When should a activities view be used
- Developer meeting
When should a Gantt Chart view be used?
(experienced team) person-centered view
(beginner team) activity-oriented view
When should a PERT Chart view be used
- Illustration of tasks and dependencies
Name three reasons for schedules to overrun
- Activities don‘t finish early (Prakinson)
- Lateness is passed down the schedule
- Activities are not independent
- Multitasking causes more delays
- Features are not developed by priority
- Uncertainty is ignored
- Estimates become commitments
How to shorten the project duration
- Re-check the original span time estimates
- Consider different strategies to perform activities
- Hire more experienced personnel
- Parallelize Activities (Cirt path)
- Develop a new strategy
- Don’t use Fudge factor
