1400 Week 22

Question 1

How is National Identity described by Michael Ng-Quinn?

Answer 1

It is collectively constructed by the state rather than an ethnic community

Question 2

What are the Reasons for State as described by Michael Ng-Quinn?

Answer 2

Physical survival and primacy

Question 3

What symbolizes the state in pre-modern China?

Answer 3

The emperor

Question 4

How does Michael Ng-Quinn describe national distinctiveness?

Answer 4

It is centred around a common language or share value and history, and that the formation of the Chinese state is found in prehistoric times

Question 5

What was the role of the monarch according to Mencius?

Answer 5

Although less important that the people, the monarch was necessary to stabilize the state

Question 6

What is the importance of the monarch according to Dong Zhongshu?

Answer 6

It constitutes the origin of the staye

Question 7

What is the role of the monarch according to the Daoists?

Answer 7

He should only be there as a symbol, society should be entirely self-sufficient

Question 8

Why do the Chinese perceive an overlap between the state and world?

Answer 8

The criteria for inclusion was based on culture rather than race

Question 9

What influenced cosmopolitanism in China?

Answer 9

The incorporation of Buddhism

Question 10

What is tianxia to Shen Fu?

Answer 10

He believes that China itself is all-under-Heaven

Question 11

What was Shen Fu’s opinion of Cantonese people?

Answer 11

He considered them to be “others” who were inferior to himself

Question 12

Who is Shen Fu likely referring to when he says “westerner”?

Answer 12

Someone from Shanxi or Tibet

Question 13

Which four unifying factors are recognized by James Watson?

Answer 13

• power and resilience
• common written script
• centralized monetary system
• national markets for key commodities

Question 14

How does James Watson view Chinese Culture?

Answer 14

It is a social and ideological fabrication which consists of many forms and practices but little content

Question 15

What is content according to James Watson?

Answer 15

Uniform and internally consistent set of beliefs

Question 16

What is Form according to James Watson?

Answer 16

Outward appearance, public demeanor, collective behaviour, etc.

Question 17

What is the connection between correct ideas and proper behaviour according to Watson?

Answer 17

Correct ideas follow proper behaviour

Question 18

What is orthodoxy?

Answer 18

The correct doctrine/set of beliefs

Question 19

What is Orthopraxy?

Answer 19

The correct action/behaviour

Question 20

What is Li?

Answer 20

The prescription of rites, ceremony, manners, etc.

Question 21

What is Meiyou Ali?

Answer 21

Oblivious to proper behaviour, impolite, uncivilized, etc.

Question 22

Three meanings of myth:

Answer 22

• traditional story which unfolds as part of the world
• popular belief/tradition embodying particular ideals and institutions
• a person/thing with an imaginary existence

Question 23

Three examples of myths in China:

Answer 23

1. The Yellow Emperor
2. The three Sage kings
3. Daotong

Question 24

What is synthesis?

Answer 24

The integration of two or more pre-existing systems into a new whole

Question 25

What is syncretism?

Answer 25

The Incorporation into one tradition of disparate elements

Question 26

What sort of view does syncretism allow?

Answer 26

Multiple views to be held simultaneously without conflict or the invention of a new system

Question 27

What is assimilation?

Answer 27

To absorb into the culture of a population or group

Question 28

What did the Manchus absorb into to take over China (4)?

Answer 28

- Confucian social and political order - civil bureaucracy and examination system - agrarian economy - Chinese arts and letters

Question 29

What is acculturation?

Answer 29

The cultural modification of an individual/group by adapting from another culture; or the merging of cultures

Question 30

Examples of acculturation in Manchu led China (4)?

Answer 30

- Manchu/Han joint rule - bilingualism in the imperial court - banner system and bondservants - ban on Manchu-Han intermarriage

Question 31

How is Chinese culture understood using culturalism?

Answer 31

Those who practise Chinese culture are Chinese

Question 32

What does Blood Quantum mean for the history of the Hanzu?

Answer 32

They are superior because they descend from the Yellow Emperor

Question 33

How was blood quantum used in the United States?

Answer 33

It determined which race people belonged to

Question 34

What are three historical conditions of Japanese culture?

Answer 34

- little contact with the outside world - no large scale international wars - the other as an abstract concept

Question 35

What is the role of the abstract other in the construction of Japan?

Answer 35

Japanese identity had always been defined in opposition first to China then to the West

Question 36

How was China a model for Japanese identity (4)?

Answer 36

- architecture - gardens and landscapes - painting and calligraphy - the nihon shoki

Question 37

What was the orthodoxy of the state during the Tokugawa period?

Answer 37

Neo-Confucianism

Question 38

What is Kogaku?

Answer 38

The study of Chinese Antiquity

Question 39

What did Ogyu Sorai study?

Answer 39

The four classics

Question 40

How did Motoori Norinaga perceive the sacrifice of samurai?

Answer 40

Although noble, their sacrifices would lead to regret because they were abandoning their family

Question 41

What is the Nativist Response to China?

Answer 41

It is artificial

Question 42

What is the nativist response to Japan?

Answer 42

It is natural

Question 43

What was the contact between Japan and the West like pre-Tokugawa period?

Answer 43

They had contact with the Portuguese and Christianity

Question 44

How was the West perceived in the late 19th century by Japan?

Answer 44

It was: - technologically advanced - rational - utilitarian - individualistic

Question 45

Who wrote “On Leaving Asia”

Answer 45

A Ron

Question 46

How would Japan be stuck in the past in the 19th century?

Answer 46

If they remained: - spiritual - emotional - aesthetic - groupist

Question 47

What is Life of a Sensuous Woman about?

Answer 47

It is about a woman who had a lot of sexual relations because of the circumstances she was placed in