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NBCOT LAST Attempt > Pediatric Conditions > Flashcards

Pediatric Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21
- heart & GI defects
- immune disorders (autoimmune, some cancers, infectious diseases i.e pneumonia)
- sleep apnea
- obesity
- spinal problems (antlantoaxial instability = at risk for SCI from overextension of the neck)
- leukemia
- dementia
- endocrine problems
- dental problems
- seizures
- ear infections, hearing/vision problems

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2
Q

Conditions associated with prematurity

A
  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
  • bronchopulmonary dysphasia (BPD)
  • intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
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3
Q

Myelomeningocele spica bifida

A

Most severe
- motor/sensory deficits of LEs (stance, locomotion issues, bowel/bladder dysfunction
- LE weakness/paralysis)
- UE impairments: motor weakness, impaired hand/finger dexterity, motor speed & planning, bimanual coordination (affects eye-hand coordination interfering with ADLs such as buttoning a shirt
- spatial relations, body image, hand dominance development
- perception, cognitive development issues

Type 2 Arnold-Chairi malformation: abnormal brain development involving cerebellum

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4
Q

ASD

A
  • Communication, social, repetitive behavior
  • perseveration, inflexible routines
  • lack of safety
  • SI, food preferences
  • decreased environmental awareness
  • difficulty with transitions
  • no eye contact
  • no reciprocal interaction
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5
Q

ADHD

A

Inattention, impulsive, hyperactive

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6
Q

Acquired brain injury

A

LOC & post traumatic amnesia
- impaired self care & writing
- decreased postural control
- vision & sensory
- delayed info processing
- aphasia
- ataxia

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7
Q

Spastic CP

A

Stiff, tight muscles, + Babinski sign, pyramidal, UMN disease
- Hemiplegia
- diplegia
- quadriplegia

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8
Q

Dyskinetic CP

A

Extrapyramidal, LMN, involuntary movements (chorea/jerky, choreoathetosis = both jerky & slow writhing movements)
- athetoid: writhing
- dystopia: distorted, repetitive posture

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9
Q

Ataxic CP

A

Shaky & balance issues, cerebellum dysfunction
- ataxic: jerky, uncoordinated, difficulty timing, unbalanced trunk/limb posture, may/may not have hypotonia

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10
Q

Mixed CP

A

Pyramidal & extrapyramidal, multiple movement patterns

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11
Q

Conditions associated with CP

A
  • ID: attention, memory, decisions, problem solving, language, processing speed
  • visual: strabismus, nystagmus, retinopathy, homoymous hemianopsia, hyperopia, cortical vision impairment, retinopathy
  • hearing, language, speech: articulation, reading, expressive/receptive language
  • seizures
  • feeding & growth: hypotonia, weak suck, coordinated swallow, tonic bite, hyperactive gag, tongue thirst, constipation, gastroesophageal reflex, saliva control
  • osteopenia: weak/brittle bones, fractures
  • pain, sleep issues, bladder control, behavior
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12
Q

CP interventions

A

Constraint induced movement therapy, NDT, physical exercise, adaptive seating, serial casting, AE, AT

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13
Q

WC adaptations for CP

A

Solid seat/back, trunk support, tray, tilt seat 10-15 deg tilt, cushions, inserts, power controls

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14
Q

Orthotics for CP

A

AFO, resting hand splint

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15
Q

Marfans

A

Delayed walking, scoliosis, coxa Vera, stooped shoulders, skull assymetries

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16
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Dwarfism (grow 4ft or less)
- short limbs
- lumbar lordosis, coxa vara, cubits varus
- back/leg pain

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17
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bones
- fetal: most severe
- infantile: childhood fx
- juvenile: least severe

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18
Q

Congenital clubhand

A

Partial/full absence of radius, ulnar shaft bowing, underdeveloped UE nerves/muscles
- hand remains functional

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19
Q

Congenital clubfoot

A

Unilateral or bilateral food medial deviation

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20
Q

Polydactly

A

Extra fingers/toes

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21
Q

Megadactyly

A

Overly large digits

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22
Q

Microdactyly

A

Overly small digits

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23
Q

Syndactyly

A

No web space

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24
Q

Clinodactyly

A

Abnormal bent finger- often in Down syndrome

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25
Q

Amelia

A

Absent limb or distal segments
- phocomelia: prox segment missing
- paraxial deficiencies: medial/lateral side of limb missing
- transverse hemimelia: amputated across central area

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26
Q

Anencephaly

A

No development above brain stem, don’t survive infancy

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27
Q

Encephalocele

A

Protrusion in occipital brain
- cog impairment
- hydrocephalus
- motor impairment
- seizures

28
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

ASD tendencies, severe ID, behavior issues

29
Q

Galactosemia

A

LD, perception problems, tremors, choreoathetosis, ataxia

30
Q

Lesch-Nathan syndrome

A

Infant appears normal then regresses
- spasticity
- self injurious behavior: nail biting, face rubbing
- ID

31
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

universal precautions
- low birth weight, hearing loss
- microcephaly, neuro deficits
- spleen/liver damage

32
Q

Prader Willi syndrome

A

Hypotonia, food seeking behaviors
- mod ID
- poor thermoregulation

33
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

Extra X chromosome, boys
- emotional/behavior problems
- can’t father children

34
Q

William’s syndrome

A

Characteristic affinity for music, social skills, writing
- ID
- Visual spatial, motor difficulties
- cerebral, heart issues

35
Q

Chi du chat syndrome

A

Microcephaly, ID, hypotonia, failure to thrive, heart issues, respiratory & feeding

36
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

Visual perception, heart, congenital edema of extremities, no ID

37
Q

Neurofibromatosis

A

Mild ID, LD
- speech, skeletal issues

38
Q

Fragile X

A

ID, hyper mobile joints, anxiety, delayed talking, hyperactive, seizures

39
Q

Pervasive developmental delay

A

Impaired ideation, limited play

40
Q

Tourette’s syndrome

A

Loss of muscle coordination, involuntary purposeless movement
- ticks, coprolalia, incoherent grunts

41
Q

Trisomy 13

A

Palau’s syndrome
- microcephaly, neural tube deficits, most don’t survive

42
Q

ODD

A

At least 6 m of 4+ criteria
- loses temper, angry, resentful
- argues with adults, does not follow rules
- spiteful, vindictive
- blames others for mistakes
- deliberately annoys people, is easily annoyed
- touchy

43
Q

Conduct disorder

A
  • aggressive towards people/animals
  • vandalism, theft, lying
  • violates rules, norms, rights of others
  • disruptive, uncooperative, sometimes combative
  • affects job, social, school
44
Q

Learning disability

A
  • dyspraxia, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia
  • attention, concentration, thinking, memory
  • speech, communication
  • auditory
  • sensory/perceptual deficits
45
Q

Developmental coordination disorder/dyspraxia

A

Clumsy (FM, GM), social skills, delayed motor development, affects ADLs, school

46
Q

Duchenne’s MD

A

Most common, progressive muscle weakness
- low tone, + Gower’s sign, waddling gait, frequent falls, weak voluntary muscles (heart, diaphragm), trouble getting up/runnning, Trendelenburg sign, LD, behavior/speech issues

47
Q

Becker’s MD

A

Slow progression, less severe than Duchennes
- motor issues with hips, thighs, pelvis, shoulders
- enlarged calves
- cardiac involvement

48
Q

Facioscapularhumeral MD

A

Affects face, scapula, upper arms
- stooped shoulders (can’t raise arms up)
- mask like face
- weak abs, sometimes hips
- NO CARDIAC/RESPIRATORY INVOLVEMENT

49
Q

Limb girdle MD

A

Slow progression within first 30 y of life
- prox muscles of pelvis & shoulder

50
Q

Congenital MD

A

Hypotonia, decreased muscle mass, no deep tendon reflexes, contracture, general muscle weakness
- Comorbid: torticollis, clubfoot, diaphragm/heart/spine issues

  • type 1: no severe intellectual function difficulty
  • type 2: muscle brain issues
  • type 3: muscle, brain, eye issues
51
Q

Congenital syphilis

A

Infant must be isolated
- early stage: hepatitis, failure to thrive, neuro issues
- if infected: osteochondritis in joints, bone issues, dental issues, vision, auditory

52
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

ID, hydrocephalus, CP, seizures, GI issues, liver, cardiac, choreoretinitus

53
Q

Rubella

A

ID, hearing loss, liver/spleen, seizures, heart issues, microcephaly
- most won’t survive

54
Q

Congenital herpes

A

Skin lesions 1-10 days after delivery, internal organ lesions, CNS damage, poor feeding/vomiting, fever, lethargy

55
Q

Encephalitis

A

Brain inflammation due to bacteria or viral
- brain damage (mild to severe)

56
Q

Meningitis

A

Tissues over brain & SC infected
- neuro motor
- visual & auditory
- LD
- seizures

57
Q

Arthrogyposis multiplex congenital

A

Spine issues, torticollis, congenital heart, contractures, weak, stiff/spindly extremities, paralysis, fibrous ankylosis (incomplete contracture) of joints
- UE resting position = shoulders IR, elbows ext, wrists flexed
- LE resting position = flexed, IR hips, clubfoot

58
Q

Rett syndrome

A

Only girls, lose motor ability previously learned (walking), regress
- slow growth
- eventual muscle weakness, rigid, spastic
- loss of communication, unusual eye movements, breathing issues, abnormal behaviors, cognitive issues, seizures, scoliosis, sleep issues, abnormal hand movements

59
Q

ID

A
  • heart disease, anemia, diabetes, obesity, seizures, ambulating issues, vision, speech
    Mild: IQ 55-70 (learn at 3-7th grade level)
    Mod: IQ 40-55 (learn at 2nd grade level)
    severe: IQ 25-40: support for routine, supervision for no routine, aspiration
    Profound: IQ under 25: assistance with all tasks, behavioral, orthopedic, neuromuscular issues
60
Q

Juvenile RA

A

Arthritis in 1+ joints for 6+ weeks, systemic
- pauclarticular: less than 5 joints
- polyarticular: more than 5 joints
- systemic (Stills disease): polyarticular with organ involvement (high fever, high WBC, rash, anorexia, liver/spleen enlarged)

61
Q

AIDS

A

Speech, language, motor deficits, ataxia, spasticity, tremors, seizures, chronic respiratory illness

62
Q

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

Bilateral, dx via Barlow test (checks for clicking), early tx needed or Trendelenburg sign, hip laxity

63
Q

Which childhood conditions result in learning disabilities?

A

Galactosemia, meningitis, klinefleter’s, neurofibromatosis, duchenne’s MD

64
Q

Conditions with low tone (hypotonia)

A

Down syndrome, marfans, spina bifida, chi du chat, fragile X, MD, prader willi

65
Q

Conditions with high tone (hypertonia)

A

Juvenile RA, AIDS, arthrogyposis multiplex congenital, lesch nyhan syndrome

NBCOT LAST Attempt (50 decks)

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