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ANAT 261 > Epithelial Tissue: junctional complexes and cell cycle > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue: junctional complexes and cell cycle Flashcards

1
Q

name the order of junctions (top to bottom)

A

zonula occludens
zonula adherens
macula adherens
gap junctions
hemidesomosomes

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2
Q

describe zonula occludens

A

most apical
tight junctions
membrane proteins
cytoplasmic proteins

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3
Q

describe membrane proteins of zonula occludens

A

occludin
claudin
forms dimer on each side of plasma membrane
brings membrane together

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4
Q

describe cytoplasmic proteins of zonula occludens

A

ZO-1
actin
etc…
cytoplasmic proteins link to ZO-1 and it grabs onto actin filaments and forms tight junction

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5
Q

describe zonula adherens

A

intercellular space - 15nm
gap where transmembrane protein becomes dimer

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6
Q

describe cadherins of zonula adherens

A

form dimers with each other
links 2 cells

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7
Q

describe actin of zonula adherens

A

alpha actin
vinculin
these are cross linking proteins and make terminal web of actin

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8
Q

describe macula adherens

A

demosomes - in stratum spinosum
looks like hair pin
vert big and strong

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9
Q

name the components of macula adherens

A

desmoplakins I&II
plakoglobin and desmocalmin
intermediate filaments
intracellular space
transmembrane proteins

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10
Q

describe desmoplakins I&II
plakoglobin and desmocalmin of macula adherens

A

plakoglobin and desmocalmin = makes up plaque inside cell
grouping of proteins bind to pm

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11
Q

what are the 3 types of cytoskeleton

A

actin
intermediate filaments
microtubules

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12
Q

describe intermediate filaments of macula adherens

A

makes hair pin in plaque
gives rigidity to inside - hard to pull apart

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13
Q

describe intercellular space of macula adherens

A

25nm
thick because of the 2 transmembrane proteins

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14
Q

describe transmembrane proteins of macula adherens

A

desmocollin
desmoglein
form dimers and bind to each other
inside the desmoplakins make plaque and tonofilaments come in and adds to inside where plaque is

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15
Q

describe hemidemosomes

A

plaque contains BP 200
connects through basement membrane
transmembrane proteins

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16
Q

describe BP 200 (name)

A

related to bullous phemphigoid
autoimmune disease - body makes antibodies that make up plaque and some transmembrane proteins
disconnects tissue from BM = blisters

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17
Q

describe hemidesmosome plaque

A

plaque and intermediate filaments
tonofilaments come in and add rigidity to inside and plaque

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18
Q

name hemidesmosome transmembrane proteins

A

alpha 6 integrin
beta 4 integrin
BP 180

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19
Q

describe gap junctions

A

2 nm
small space
couple connexon
below zonula adherens

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20
Q

describe coupled connexons of gap junctions

A

connexon = 6 connexins
channel = 1.5 nm diameter
make tunnels between one cell and another - 6 connexins forms a barrel and matches with another

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21
Q

what does epithelial tissue have very little extracellular space

A

due to the many junctional complexes = ZO, ZA, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes and gap junctions

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22
Q

what can stem cells do

A

give rise to all other cells
divide to itself or differentiate to next cell type

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23
Q

describe steady state

A

number of newly originated cells by stem cells are equal to number of dead cells on surface of epithelium

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24
Q

describe turnover time

A

time required to change whole population pf epithelial cells - 30 days

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25
Q

describe radioautography

A

provides a means to study the turnover of epithelial cells and other types of cells

26
Q

describe mouse and triniated thymidine experiment

A

take mouse and inject with triniated thymidine
gives dark spot on film - do time study and saw that thymidine came from stem cell layer

27
Q

what is purpose of cell division

A

during embryogenesis and post natal development to produce growth
during adulthood - cells and tissues

28
Q

describe (give ex of places) the 3 ways tissue behaves (cell division)

A

static - neurons and skeletal muscle
expanding - liver
renewing - epidermis and most epithelia

29
Q

describe cell cycle (interphase and mitosis) and times

A

G1 - presynthesis of DNA - 25 hrs, 2n
S - synthesis of DNA - 8 hrs
G2 - post DNA duplication - 3hrs, 4n
mitosis - 2.5 hrs, 2n restored

30
Q

how many chromosomes in humans

A

23 pairs of homologous chromosomes - 46 total

31
Q

name the phases of mitosis

A

preprophase
prohase
metaphase
early anaphase
late anaphase
telophase

32
Q

describe preprophase

A

intranuclear condensation of chromosomes

33
Q

describe prophase

A

visualization of chromosomes and mitotic spindle

34
Q

describe metaphase

A

chromosomes in equatorial plane
loss of nuclear envelope and nucleolus

35
Q

describe early anaphase

A

longitudinal splitting of chromosomes
kinetochores move back

36
Q

describe late anaphase

A

migration of chromosomes to poles
DNA moves back

37
Q

describe telophase

A

nuclear restitution
nuclear envelope and nucleolar formation
end of cell division

38
Q

what does dermis do

A

supports epidermis and binds to hypodermis

39
Q

describe CT of dermis

A

2 sublayers = papillary and reticular layer

40
Q

describe papillary layer of dermis

A

loose ct
slightly smaller
more cells less fibers

41
Q

describe reticular layer of dermis

A

dense irregular ct
more fibers less cells

42
Q

can you describe loose ct as irregular

A

no bc not enough fibers

43
Q

what is difference between regular and irregular ct

A

regular is uniform
Irregular is no specific pattern

44
Q

describe ct of hypodermis

A

loose ct - specialized
usually infiltrated with fat cells - adipocytes
more cells than fibers

45
Q

what is function of connective tissue

A

carries nerves and blood vessels - innervation and blood supply to epidermis and other epithelial tissues
provides support and a connecting framework to other tissues of body

46
Q

what is structural composition of ct

A

extracellular fibers + amorphous ground susbtance (proteoglycans and glycoproteins) = ECM
population of different types of cells (fibroblasts)

47
Q

name and describe the varieties of ct

A

loose - papillary layer of dermis
dense = dense irregular (reticular layer of dermis) or regular (tendons)
supporting - cartilage and bone
special properties - hemopoietic bone marrow

48
Q

name the 3 layers of embryos

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

49
Q

where does all ct come from

A

mesoderm layer = mesenchymal cells
which ate pluripotent stem cells and become all cells of ct

50
Q

what can ct mesenchymal cells differentiate into

A

bone
cartilage
fibroblasts
blood cells

51
Q

describe ct differentiation to lipoblast

A

gives rise to lipoblast - can divide and become lipcytes

52
Q

describe ct differentiation to chondroblast

A

makes cartilage
chondroblast = active cell, divide and makes ecm and becomes trapped and then becomes chondrocytes

53
Q

describe ct differentiation to osteoblast

A

bone cell that is making bone
same type of differentiation of a chondroblast

54
Q

describe how main cells of ct form

A

mesenchymal cell –> fibrobalst –> fibrocyte (terminal stage)

55
Q

describe chromatin of mesenchymal cell

A

pale chromatin - euchromatin
nucleus is pale

56
Q

describe chromatin of fibroblast

A

older cell
still some pale chromatin
dark chromatin too (euchromatin and heterochromatin)

57
Q

describe chromatin of fibrocyte

A

dark chromatin - heterochromatin
condensed DNA - to divide, can only divide
not an active cell

58
Q

what can fibrocytes sometimes do

A

de differentiate to fibroblast
happens when wound healing - causes scars

59
Q

are the cells of ct directly attached to each other

A

NOOOOO
not bound
there is space - cells separated by ecm

60
Q

what is big difference between ct and epithelial tissue

A

ct derived from mesoderm
most epithelial tissue derived from ectoderm and endoderm

ANAT 261 (27 decks)

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