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anat 261 > Lab 9: digestive system II > Flashcards

Lab 9: digestive system II Flashcards

1
Q

name parts of stomach - 4

A

fundus
cardia
body
pylorus

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2
Q

describe muscosa of stomach - gen

A

pits and glands
Epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa
Smooth muscle projections in between glands in lamina propria

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3
Q

describe epithelium (muscosa of stomach)

A

simple columnar epithelium - surface mucous cells

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4
Q

describe lamina propria (muscosa of stomach)

A

loose irregular ct

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5
Q

describe muscularis mucosa (muscosa of stomach)

A

2 layers of smooth muscle = inner circular and outer longitudinal
sometimes 3 layers - outer circular

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6
Q

describe submuscosa of stomach

A

dense irregular ct
no glands
rich in blood vessels, lymphatic’s and nerves

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7
Q

describe tunica muscularis of stomach

A

3 layers of smooth muscle = inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal

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8
Q

describe serosa of stomach

A

thin layer of loose ct covered by a mesothelium - simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

what is unique to stomach

A

pits and glands

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10
Q

describe glands (of pits and glands)

A

glands are simple and unbranched

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11
Q

how are pits and glands connected

A

connected to each other via an isthmus/neck

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12
Q

describe pits

A

covered by surface mucous cells
the stomach lining is made up of this cell type
columnar in shape and have basally located nucleus that is ovoid in shape
apex of cell is filled with mucigen droplets (poorly stained with H&E)
cells are not goblet shaped

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13
Q

describe isthmus/neck region

A

glands narrow
have mucous neck cells present (like surface mucous cells but more pyramidal than columnar shape)
have stem cells (different from SI, result=bi directional orientation of differentiation)
glands are all made of mucous cells

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14
Q

describe what lamina propria does (glands)

A

fills in space between glands

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15
Q

describe parietal cells

A

in neck and base of gland
very eosinophillic and round
central nucleus (fried egg)

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16
Q

describe zymogenic cells

A

accumulate at base of gland
columnar shaped cell with ovoid nucleus (basally located so base appears basophilic)
apex of cell is filled with zymogen granules (eosinophilic, often poorly fixed)

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17
Q

what is function of parietal cells

A

secrete HCl

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18
Q

what is function of zymogenic cells

A

zymogen granules containing digestive enzymes
like lipases and pepsin

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19
Q

which cell types do we not have to identify

A

stem cells
enteroendocrine cells - requires special staining

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20
Q

describe plyoric region

A

ratio of pits to glands 2:1
mucigen droplets
transition to mucous neck cells (more pyramidal)

21
Q

describe body ratio

A

gastic region
pits to glands 1:4
new cells seen in region = parietal and zymogenic (chief) cells

22
Q

which cells are present in neck region and which cells are not

A

parietal cells are present in neck region
zymogenic cells are not present in neck region

23
Q

describe muscosa of small intestine - gen

A

crypts and villi
epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa

24
Q

describe epithelium of SI mucosa

A

simple columnar epithelium with brush border

25
Q

describe lamina propria of SI mucosa

A

loose irregular ct

26
Q

describe muscularis mucosa of SI mucosa

A

2 layers of smooth muscle = inner circular and outer longitudinal

27
Q

describe submucosa of SI

A

dense irregular ct
brunner’s glands = mucous, only in duodenum
plicae circularis = seen in jejunum

28
Q

describe tunica muscularis of SI

A

2 layers of smooth muscle = inner circular and outer longitudinal

29
Q

describe adventitia/serosa of SI

A

adventitia = dense irregular ct
serosa = thin layer of loose ct covered by mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

30
Q

describe duodenum of SI

A

can distinguish based on brunner’s glands = located in submucosa, mucous secreting glands

31
Q

name cell types found in SI villi

A

enterocytes
goblet cells
crypt base cells
paneth cells

32
Q

describe lamina propria of SI villi

A

loose irregular ct
contains smooth muscle fibers to increase motility

33
Q

describe enterocytes

A

identify in villi
columnar shaped cell
oval nucleus at base of cell
has brush border made of microvilli (NOT CILIA)

34
Q

describe goblet cells

A

identify in villi
found throughout SI but more common distally

35
Q

describe crypt base cells

A

do not need to identify
found in base of crypts - stem cells

36
Q

describe paneth cells

A

restricted to base of crypts
found throughout SI - becomes less frequent distally (none in colon)
large pyramidal shaped cells
base of cell is basophilic = rich in RER
apex of cell = eosinophilic since filled with granules

37
Q

describe jejunum of SI

A

no brunner’s glands but there is plicae circularis = resembles christmas tree

38
Q

describe ileum of SI

A

no brunner’s glands
no visible plicae circularis
more goblet cells
few paneth cells
crypts and villi appear straight
payers patches - lymph

39
Q

describe muscosa of large intestine - gen

A

no villi - only crypts (appear very straight, no paneth cells)
epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa

40
Q

describe epithelium of LI mucosa

A

simple columnar
contains mainly goblet cells

41
Q

describe lamina propria of LI mucosa

A

loose irregular ct
like SI

42
Q

describe muscularis mucosa of LI mucosa

A

2 layers = inner circular and outer longitudinal
like SI

43
Q

describe submucosa of LI

A

poorly preserved because very dense
no plicae circularis

44
Q

describe tunica muscularis of LI

A

inner circular
outer longitudinal - can be modified to form a 3rd layer that runs the length of the colon = taenia colon
functions to strengthen longitudinal contractions

45
Q

describe serosa of LI

A

thin layer loose ct covered by mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

46
Q

what are plicae circularis

A

projections of ct from submucosa that fold and cause folds in mucosa

47
Q

name cells found in brushborder of SI epithelium (mucosa)

A

enterocytes
goblet cells
paneth cells
crypt base cells
enteroendocrine cells

48
Q

what is function of paneth cells

A

secrete lysozyme - breakdown bacterial cell walls

anat 261 (27 decks)

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