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ANAT 261 > Lab 10: Digestive system III > Flashcards

Lab 10: Digestive system III Flashcards

1
Q

how to distinguish structure of glands

A

tubular vs acinar
simple vs compound/branched

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2
Q

how to determine function of glands

A

endocrine vs exocrine vs paracrine

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3
Q

name types of secretion methods of glands

A

holocrine vs merocrine vs apocrine

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4
Q

describe product secreted out of gland

A

serous vs seromucous vs serous demilunes

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5
Q

describe tubular

A

gland and duct are continuous as tubular structures

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6
Q

describe acinar

A

alveolar
many grape looking structures secrete into a network of ducts

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7
Q

describe simple

A

sweat gland

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8
Q

describe compound

A

salivary gland

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9
Q

describe endocrine

A

no duct
product secreted directly into surrounding CT and diffuses to blood

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10
Q

describe exocrine

A

product is delivered to surface/lumen by means of a duct

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11
Q

describe paracrine

A

product is delivered to adjacent cells

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12
Q

describe holocrine

A

secretion product is entire cell
sebaceous gland

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13
Q

describe merocrine

A

membrane bound secretory granules are released from cell
salivary gland

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14
Q

describe apocrine

A

secretory products are released together with portions of secreting cell

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15
Q

describe serous secretion

A

watery and rich in glycoproteins

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16
Q

describe mucous

A

rich in carbohydrates

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17
Q

name glands which are serous

A

parotid
salivary gland

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18
Q

describe serous glands gen

A

small lumen
cells are tall and pyramidal
nuclei basally located and are spherical
base of cells are basophilic = rich in RER
apex is eosinophilic (zymogen granules)
watery and rich in glycoproteins
can be a serous or mucous mixture

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19
Q

describe serous gland - lobe specific

A

glands divided into lobes and subdivided into lobules
lobes divided by dense irregular ct
lobules divided by some ct (less than lobes)
very little ct around each acinus

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20
Q

describe mucous glands

A

larger lumen
pyramidal shaped cells
nuclei basally located and flattened in appearance
apex filled with poorly fixed mucinogen droplets
secretion rich in carbs

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21
Q

describe von ebners glands

A

exclusively serous

22
Q

describe serous mucous glands

A

mixed acinus
mucous and serous cells can be I acinus or in different neighbouring acini
mucous with serous demilunes = mixture of mucous and serous, serous demilunes are serous cells that surround and rest on a mucous acinus

23
Q

what are seromucous glands

A

mixture of both serous and mucous glands

24
Q

what are glands

A

acini

25
Q

describe serous demilunes

A

serous cells that surround and rest on a mucous acinus

26
Q

describe salivary gland

A

parotid = serous
100% serous
other 100% serous gland = von ebner
branched acinar gland

27
Q

describe submandibular gland

A

serous and serous mucous
90% serous and 10% mucous
compound tubol-acinar
intralobular

28
Q

describe intralobular (submandibular gland)

A

found within the tubule
little ct around duct
can be intercalated or striated

29
Q

describe sublingual gland

A

mucous
mainly mucous with some serous demilunes
compound tubulo acinar gland
small gland
interlobular duct

30
Q

describe interlobular ducts (sublingual gland)

A

in between lobules
collecting ducts
ct visible around duct

31
Q

describe intralobular ducts

A

as duct system enlarges = cells
become larger
intercalated duct —> striated duct —> collecting duct

32
Q

describe intercalated duct

A

smallest
simple
squamous/cuboidal
always in lobule (intralobular)

33
Q

describe striated duct

A

same size as acinus
cuboidal to columnar
cells interdigitate = indistinct lateral cell borders
striations (eosinophilic) = membrane infolding and mitochondria

34
Q

describe collecting duct

A

largest
no striation
simple cuboidal to columnar
thick BM
INTERLOBULAR

35
Q

describe parts of pancreas

A

exocrine = acinar pancreas
endocrine = islets of langerhans

36
Q

describe exocrine pancreas

A

exclusively serous (key to distinguish from
salivary gland)
no striated ducts
centroacinar cells line part of the lumen of acini and are continuous with intercalated ducts (forms initial portion of intercalated ducts)
centroacinar cells diagnostic of pancreas

37
Q

describe endocrine pancreas

A

exclusively endocrine
pale and circular
delineated by very little cr
contain a network of
fenestrated capillaries
do not need to distinguish cell types

38
Q

describe features of pancreas

A

on serous (no mucous) + islet of langerhans
no striated duct in pancreas (has intercalated ducts and intralobular ducts (within lobules)) = another way to distinguish

39
Q

name parts of liver

A

lobules
portal space/triad

40
Q

describe liver lobules

A

poorly delineated
polyhedral
made of cords of hepatocytes
sinusoids converge on a central vein

41
Q

describe liver portal space

A

hepatic arteriole
portal venule
common bile duct
choleangiole (at periphery)

42
Q

describe cholangiole

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

43
Q

describe hepatic sinusoids

A

discontinuous or fenestrated capillary with discontinuous BM

44
Q

describe chords of hepatocytes

A

one cell thick

45
Q

how many surfaces do hepatocytes have

A

2 distinct surfaces

46
Q

describe the 2 surfaces of hepatocytes

A

one surface faces other hepatocytes and has a hemispherical indentation that helps form bile canaliculi
one surface that has microvilli and faces sinusoids (the space of disse is found here, it is an extracellular space between hepatocytes and sinusoids)

47
Q

describe how sinusoids formed

A

from the portal space the portal venule and hepatic arteriole join to form sinusoids

48
Q

where does blood from sinusoids go

A

blood from sinusoids goes to central vein (which will drain to larger hepatic veins that are not in portal spaces)

49
Q

what is bile produced by

A

hepatocytes

50
Q

how does bile move

A

bile moves through bile canaliculi into choleangioles and then bile ducts

51
Q

describe bile ducts

A

cuboidal to columnar epithelium
much larger than choleangioles

52
Q

how do blood and bile flow

A

In opposite directions

ANAT 261 (27 decks)

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