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HNN > Muscles, Fasical Layers + Neck Spaces > Flashcards

Muscles, Fasical Layers + Neck Spaces Flashcards

1
Q

List the muscles of the neck

A

Platysma
Stenocleidomastoid
Trapezius (descending part)
Scalene muscles
Supra- and infra- hyoids

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2
Q

Outline the platysma:
- location
- innervation
- action

A
  • Location: lies superficially in subcutaneous tissue, immediately beneath skin
  • Innervation: facial nerve
  • Action: tenses skin of anterior neck + lowers inferior lip
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3
Q

Outline sternocleidomastoid:
- location
- origin
- insertion
- action
- innervation
- to test

A
  • Location: lies beneath the platysma
  • Origin: medial 1/3 clavicle + sternum
  • Insertion: mastoid process
  • Action: rotates head so chin turns to opposite side + flex neck when act together
  • Innervation: accessory nerve
  • To test: examiner opposes action of rotation
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4
Q

What is torticollis?

A
  • Involuntary contraction of SCM
  • causes asymmetrical head/neck position
  • can be congential + acquired
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5
Q

Outline the neck/descending part of the trapezius:
- origin
- insertion
- action
- innervation
- to test

A
  • Origin: occipital bone + nuchal ligament
  • Insertion: lateral 1/3 clavicle + acromion of scapula
  • Action: elevates shoulder + stabilises the scapula
  • Innervation: accessory nerve
  • To test - ask patient to shrug shoulders
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6
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • Superior: inferior margin of mandible
  • Lateral: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Medial: mid sagittal line of neck
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7
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck including the floor and roof?

A
  • Inferior: clavicle
  • Lateral: anterior border of the trapezius
  • Medial: posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
  • Floor: scalene muscles
  • Roof: superficial cervical fascia
  • inferior belly of omohyoid runs through it
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8
Q

Contents of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Some Pretty Brave Students Perform Outstanding Acrobatics Everyday

Sclaene muscles
Phrenic nerve
Brachial plexus
Subclavian vessels
Posterior belly Omohyoid
Accessory nerve
External jugular vein

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9
Q

What is in the neurovascular bundle of the neck?

A

Vagus nerve
Internal jugular vein
Common carotid artery

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10
Q

When does the common carotid artery bifurcation and into what?

A
  • C4 vertebral level - below hydoid bone
    -Internal carotid artery continues up
    -External carotid artery: branches off
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11
Q

What are the deep cervical fascial layers?

A

Pre-tracheal fascia
Buccopharyngeal fascia
Carotid sheath
Pre-vertebral fascia
Investing layer

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12
Q

Contents of the pre-tracheal fascia

A

Trachea
Thyroid
Oesophagus
Infrahyoids

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13
Q

Contents of the carotid sheath

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

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14
Q

Outline the investing layer

A

Splits + surrounds the SCM and trapezius
Surrounds all deep cervical fascial layers + structures

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15
Q

Where is a retropharyngeal abscess located?

A

In the retropharyngeal space between the pre-vertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia

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16
Q

Who does a retropharyngeal abscess often occur in and why?

A

Kids between 3-5
Lymph nodes in the retropharyngael space where infection has collected
(Adults don’t have these lymph nodes here)

17
Q

Complications to deep neck space infections

A
  • compromise airway
  • expands down into thorax to mediastinum > risk of mediastinitis
18
Q

Clinical presentation of a deep neck space infection

A
  • fever
  • sore throat
  • difficulty swallowing > drooling
  • painful neck movements
19
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A
  • Superior: posterior body of digastric
  • Lateral: sternocleidomastoid
  • Medial: superior belly of omohyoid
20
Q

Outline the fascial layers of the neck

A
  • skin
  • superficial cervical facial layer surround everything
  • investing layer
  • pre-tracheal fascia bends together with the buccopharyngeal fascia posteriorly
  • carotid sheath
  • pre vertebral fascia
21
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascial layer contain?

A

Fat
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Platysma muscle

22
Q

Anatomical position of the subclavian vessels in the posterior triangle

A
  • subclavian vein anterior to anterior scalene muscle
  • subclavian artery posterior to anterior scalene muscle
23
Q

What vertebral level is the hyoid bone at?

A

C3

HNN (24 decks)

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