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HNN > Blood Vessels Of The Head And Neck > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Of The Head And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of the right common carotid artery

A

Arch of aorta > brachiocephalic trunk > right common carotid artery

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2
Q

Origin of the left common carotid artery

A

Direct branch from the arch of aorta

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3
Q

What do the common carotid arteries bifurcate into?

A

Internal + external carotid artery

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4
Q

At what point do the common carotid arteries bifurcate?

A

C4

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5
Q

What is the bifurcation of common carotid artery a common site for?

A

Atherosclerotic plaque due to it being a ‘site of turbulence’

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6
Q

Where is the carotid sinus located?

A

Proximal point of the internal carotid artery with a bulbous appearance

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7
Q

Where is the carotid body located?

A

In adventitia of carotid artery bifurcation

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8
Q

Function of the carotid sinus

A

Monitors blood pressure using baroreceptors

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9
Q

Function of carotid body

A

Monitors blood pO2 using chemoreceptors

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10
Q

What is a carotid sinus massage?

A

stimulates the baroreceptors and slows heart rate

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11
Q

What is a carotid ultrasound (doppler) scan used for?

A
  • to visualise + measure blood flow
  • identify stenosis
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12
Q

How many branches does the external carotid artery have?

A

8

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13
Q

Where does the external carotid artery terminate?

A

As the superficial temporal artery + maxillary artery

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14
Q

What is arteritis?

A

Inflammatory of the walls of arteries

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15
Q

What is temporal arteritis?
What does it have a high risk of?

A
  • inflammation of arteries by temples
  • losing vision
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16
Q

Name three branches of the maxillary artery

A
  • middle meingeal artery
  • sphenopalatine artery
  • greater palatine artery
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17
Q

Where does the sphenopalatine artery supply?

A

Nasal cavity

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18
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery

A

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

19
Q

Role of the superior thyroid artery

A

Supplies thyroid gland

20
Q

Role of the lingual artery

A

Supplies tongue

21
Q

What branches of the external carotid artery supply the back of the scalp?

A

Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery

22
Q

What is the route of the internal carotid artery?

A
  • ascends neck in carotid sheath
  • runs through petrous bone via carotid canal
  • enters cavernous sinus + exits
  • gives branches
23
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

A
  • ophthalmic artery
  • middle cerebral artery
  • anterior cerebral artery
24
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries branches from?

A

Subclavian artery

25
Q

What is the route of the vertebral arteries?

A
  • ascends up neck in tranasversa foramina C6-C1
  • pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane + enter intracranially via foramen magnum
  • right + left vertebral artery join to form basilar artery
26
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A
  • superior: posterior belly of digastric
  • medial: superior belly of omohyoid
  • lateral: sternocleidomastoid
27
Q

What group of muscles does digastric belong to?

A

Suprahyoid muscles

28
Q

What group of muscles of omohyoid belong to?

A

Infrahyoid muscles

29
Q

What is readily accessible through the carotid triangle?

A

Carotid sheath e.g. surgical access

30
Q

What is a carotid endartectomy?

A
  • incision into neck in carotid triangle
  • common + internal carotid artery identified and incised
  • removal of atherosclerotic plaque
31
Q

What are the importances of the carotid triangle?/

A
  • site of bifurcation of CCA
  • surgical access to carotid sheath
  • palpating of carotid puse
  • carotid sinus massage
32
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

33
Q

What drains into the external jugular vein?

A

Veins draining scalp + deep face

34
Q

Location of the external jugular vein

A
  • in superficial cervical fascia
  • superficial to SCM
  • in roof of posterior triangle
35
Q

Route of the internal jugular vein

A

Descends length of neck in carotid sheath deep to the SCM

36
Q

Route of the internal jugular vein to the heart

A

IJV > subclavian vein > brachiocephalic vein > superior vena cava > right atrium

37
Q

How would you measure jugular venous pressure using venous pulsation from IJV?

A
  • lay patient at 30-45°
  • examination of venous pulsation from right IJV
  • vertical heigh of pulsations seen - indicates pressure in right atrium
38
Q

Outline accessing the internal jugular vein with a central line

A
  • under ultrasound guidance
  • point of access between two heads of SCM
  • used for continuous monitoring of central venous pressure + drug infusions
39
Q

How can orbital infections spread intracranially?

A
  • the ophthalmic veins drain the structures of the orbit + drain mostly via the facial vein
  • the ophthalmic veins also communicate with the cavernous sinus
  • as these veins are valveless, blood can pass in either direction > infection can spread
40
Q

How do infections of central face/nasal cavity spread intracranially?

A
  • facial vein drains deep structure of the central face e.g. nasal cavity
  • communicate with pterygoid venous plexus + cavernous sinus
  • route for infection of central face/nasal cavity to spread intracranially
41
Q

What artery is formed by the convergence of the vertebral arteries?

A

Basilar artery

42
Q

Presentation of temporal arteritis

A

Blurry vision
Tenderness over temple
Headache
Tongue +jaw claudation on mastication
Diplopia
Blindness

43
Q

Management of temporal cell arteritis

A

Steroids
To reduce inflammation

44
Q

Why is the internal jugular vein used for central line access over the subclavian vein?

A

Higher risk of causing pneumothorax if using subclavian vein

HNN (24 decks)

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