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Diseases and Diagnosis > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

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2
Q

Where are fungi?

A

Soil, vegetation, water

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3
Q

How do fungi get energy?

A

Extracellular digestion

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4
Q

What are fungi that get energy from dead organic matter called?

A

Saprophytic

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5
Q

What are fungi that get energy from living organisms called?

A

Parasitic

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6
Q

Are fungi basic or acidic?

A

Acidic (pH=5)

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7
Q

What do fungi cell walls contain?

A

Chitin

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8
Q

What is something in the cell membrane of fungi that is a major target of anti-fungal treatment?

A

Ergosterols

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9
Q

What are yeasts?

A

unicellular

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10
Q

What are molds?

A

Multicellular

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11
Q

How do yeast reproduce?

A

Budding

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12
Q

What is the fundamental tube-like structure of molds?

A

Hypha

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13
Q

What is a continuous cells of molds without cross walls?

A

Aseptate hyphae

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14
Q

What is hypha divided by cross walls?

A

Septate hyphae

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15
Q

What is the intertwined branching filaments forming the vegetative portion of the fungus?

A

Mycelium

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16
Q

What happens if an aseptate hyphae is injured?

A

Death due to inability to heal (unlike septate)

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17
Q

What type of fungus causes most pathogenicity?

A

Dimorphic fungi

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18
Q

What are fungi that form yeast/molds at different temperatures?

A

Dimorphic fungi

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19
Q

Fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually, how do they do it asexually?

A

Mitosis

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20
Q

Fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually, how do they do it sexually?

A

Meiosis

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21
Q

What are the fungi that form within a sac and release?

A

Sporangiospores

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22
Q

What type of cell structure do sporangiospores have?

A

Aseptate hyphae

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23
Q

What are the fungi that form within a bulb with little finger projections?

A

Conidiospores

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24
Q

What type of cell structure do conidiospores have?

A

Septate hyphae

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25
Q

What is the sexual reproduction characterized by the fusion of two compatible thalli?

A

Zygospores

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26
Q

What are the most medically relevant fungi?

A

Ascospores

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27
Q

What fungi forms the mushrooms?

A

Basidiospores

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28
Q

What are the 4 major phyla of the fungi kingdom?

A

Zygomycota = bread molds
Ascomycota = sac fungi
Basiciomycota = club fungi
Deuteromycota = fungi imperfecti

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29
Q

What are most fungal species classified as?

A

Dikarya (ascomycota and basidiomycota)

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30
Q

How is immunity to fungal infection characterized?

A

Cell-mediated

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31
Q

What is fungus that invade keratinized epidermal structures?

A

Dermatophytes (cutaneous mycoses)

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32
Q

What is fungus that penetrates beneath skin and involve deeper layers of the skin and muscle?

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

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33
Q

What is fungus that invades deep into the tissue/blood?

A

Systemic mycoses

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34
Q

What is intoxication resulting from consumption of grains or feeds contaminated with mycotoxins?

A

Mycotoxicosis

35
Q

What is mycotoxicity in peanuts?

A

Aflatoxin

36
Q

What is the fungus responsible for the greatest economic loss in swine reproduction?

A

Zearalenone Toxicity (ZEA)

37
Q

What are fungus that grow and replicate in soil called?

A

Geophilic

38
Q

What are zoophilic dermatophytes?

A

Obligate parasites on animals

39
Q

What are anthropophilic dermatophytes?

A

Obligate parasites found on humans

40
Q

How do most dermatophytes infiltrate?

A

Hair follicles

41
Q

What 2 things mediate the immune response?

A

IgE
Mast cells

42
Q

What is the natural host of the microsporum canis?

A

Cat

43
Q

What is the most common type of dermatophytosis in dogs?

A

Microspordium canis

44
Q

What is the number 1 dermatophyte that infects horses?

A

Microsporum gypseum

45
Q

What is the number 1 dermatophyte in pigs?

A

Microsporum nanum

46
Q

What does trichophyton in large animals cause (highly contagious)

A

Trichophytosis

47
Q

What is the most common type of ringworm in cattle?

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

48
Q

How do you diagnose dermatophytes?

A

Wood’s Lamp

49
Q

What can cause false positives on Wood’s lamp?

A

Ointments
Dead skin

50
Q

What should you culture fungi on?

A

Sabouraud’s agar
Dermatophyte test medium (DTM)

51
Q

How long does M. canis and trychophyton take to grow?

A

2-3 days

52
Q

What is malassezia otitis?

A

Cutaneous mycoses

53
Q

What is cutaneous mycoses?

A

Opportunistic yeast

54
Q

What are lipophilic yeast?

A

Need lipids from host

55
Q

What do sporotrichosis look like?

A

Cigar bodies

56
Q

What is pythiosis?

A

Chronic non-healing granulomas on skin or GI tract

AKA swamp cancer or florida horse leaches

57
Q

What is pythian insidiosum?

A

oomycete (water molds)

58
Q

What is pythiosis called in horses?

A

Kunkers - stony masses

59
Q

What is most common cause of systemic mycoses?

A

Inhalation

60
Q

Is immunosuppression needed for systemic mycoses?

A

NO

61
Q

What are systemic mycoses infections causes by?

A

Dimorphic fungi

62
Q

What type of systemic mycoses is most common in Ohio?

A

Blastomycosis

63
Q

How is blastomycosis diagnosed?

A

Cytology or histopathology

64
Q

What antigen is common with blastomycosis?

A

Galactomannan

65
Q

How long does it take to incubate blastomycosis at room temp?

A

10-30 days

66
Q

What is the fungus found in caves in the midwest?

A

Histoplasmosis

67
Q

How is histoplasmosis spread?

A

Within macrophages as yeast

68
Q

What is another name for coccidioidomycosis?

A

Valley fever

69
Q

Where does valley fever come from specifically?

A

Sand fungal particles

70
Q

What organ does valley fever affect?

A

Respiratory

71
Q

What are the 4 opportunistic fungi?

A

Candidiasis
Cryptococcosis
Aspergillosis
Zygomycosis

72
Q

What is the most common opportunistic mycosis?

A

Candidiasis

73
Q

What causes cutaneous white crust on broiler chicken comb?
UTI in cat and dog
Abortion and mastitis in cow

A

Candidiasis

74
Q

What does crytococcosis usually show up as?

A

Feline nasal disease
C. gattii in horses in PNW

75
Q

Where does aspergillosis come from?

A

Plant debris and soil

76
Q

What is brooder pneumonia from?

A

Avian aspergillosis

77
Q

How do you get brooder pneumonia?

A

Massive dose of spores

78
Q

What does canine rhinitis come from?

A

Canine nasal aspergillosis

79
Q

What causes guttural pouch mycosis?

A

Aspergillus

80
Q

What causes mycotic keratitis?

A

Aspergillus

81
Q

What causes mycotic abortion in cattle?

A

Aspergillus

82
Q

What is the most common zygomycosis?

A

Mucormycosis

83
Q
A

Diseases and Diagnosis (23 decks)

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