Chapter 4: Neuroscience Flashcards
3 Types of Glial Cells
Astroglia- important for creating blood brain barriers
Oligodendroglia- important for providing myelin
Microglia- important for cleaning up debris of dead cells
Resting potential charge
a negative charge of around -70mV
Peak potential charge
positive charge of 50mV
All-or-nothing Principle
Stimulation will fire if and only if it reaches a specific threshold.
Nodes of Ranvier
Action potential travels down axon by jumping on these nodes
Absolute refractory period
short time after action potential, during which a neuron is completely unable to fire
Relative refractory period
after the absolute refractory period where the neuron can fire if it receives a stronger than normal stimuli
Glutamate
Plays major role in learning and memory
GABA
primary inhibitory neurotransmitter
Plays role in learning and anxiety regulation
Acetylcholine
enables muscle action, learning, and memory
Alzheimer’s disease happen when Ach producing neurons deteriorate
BOTOX is basically adding Ach inhibitor to freeze muscle.
Dopamine
primary role in movement and reward learning
cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine
Parkinson’s disease occurs when there is not enough dopamine
Serotonin
enables positive mood, sleep, and appetite
malfunctions: depression, lack of sleep and appetite
Prozac affect mood by keeping more serotonin in the synapse through blocking serotonin reuptake
Norepinephrine
primary role in attention and arousal
Adderall is a stimulant used to treat ADHD
Endorphins
lessen the perception of pain and increases positive mood
Heroin is accepted by endorphin receptors on dendrites. Produces similar effect as endorphins. causes reduced production of natural endorphins
Central Nervous System
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic and Autonomic
Somatic Nervous System
controls voluntary movements and sensory information
needs CNS
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic- fight or flight response
Parasympathetic- control basic functions when people are not at risk