INFANCY QUIZ

Question 1

Dayle goes to the doctor and expresses concern that her infant’s head is too big for his body. The doctor tells her that this is normal because of .

the fact that head size varies widely

the cephalocaudal principle

the proximodistal principle

the fact that after infancy, growth slows down considerably

Answer 1

the cephalocaudal principle

Question 2

If Salma is typical of most infants, his first tooth will appear at of age.

2 months

5–9 months

10–11 months

15 months

Answer 2

5–9 months

Question 3

Tara and Paul adopted their baby daughter, Yet Kwai, from a Chinese orphanage 5 years ago. She was physically and emotionally deprived until they adopted her at age 2½. It is most likely that Yet Kwai .

will stay underweight for much of her life

had more cognitive impairment than she would have had if she had been adopted before 6 months of age

will have greater brain plasticity later in her development because of her nurturing environment

will show no signs of cognitive impairment, due to synaptic pruning

Answer 3

had more cognitive impairment than she would have had if she had been adopted before 6 months of age

Question 4

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is almost unknown in cultures where co-sleeping is the norm because .

babies tend to sleep with their parents on relatively hard surfaces

parents tend to put cloth on both sides of their babies so they remain on their sides

babies are less likely to be breastfed and therefore parents are less likely to roll over on them

babies are less likely to be aroused during the night in these quieter settings

Answer 4

babies tend to sleep with their parents on relatively hard surfaces

Question 5

Marasmus is .

a disease common among malnourished women with HIV

most common during childhood and contracted through breast milk

an infant disease characterised by muscle atrophy and abnormal drowsiness

a deadly disease resulting from contaminated water being used to dilute formula

Answer 5

an infant disease characterised by muscle atrophy and abnormal drowsiness

Question 6

Mahori was strapped to his mother’s back for the first year of his life. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Mahori’s parents gave him extra ‘tummy time’ to develop his muscles.

Mahori’s motor development will be similar to a child in New Zealand if they are compared when they start school.

The sequence of Mahori’s motor development will be different from that of babies in cultures where walking during infancy is actively encouraged.

When it comes to Mahori’s motor development, environment plays a stronger role than genetics.

Answer 6

Mahori’s motor development will be similar to a child in New Zealand if they are compared when they start school.

Question 7

The key to depth perception is .

the development of the pincer grasp

the development of intermodal perception

being able to walk

binocular vision

Answer 7

binocular vision

Question 8

Rupert goes to the market with his mother and calls all men he sees there ‘Dada’. This is an example of .

a secondary circular reaction

the A-not-B error

assimilation

coordination of secondary schemes

Answer 8

assimilation

Question 9

Maha begins rooting while being held by her mother’s friend, who quickly passes Maha back to her mother to be breastfed. Based on Piaget’s sensorimotor substages, how old is Maha?

0–1 months

1–4 months

4–8 months

8–12 months

Answer 9

0–1 months

Question 10

Critics of Piaget’s sensorimotor theory argue that the likelihood of making the A-not-B error depends on the .

sex of the child

time of day the child is tested

delay between hiding and searching

colour of the object

Answer 10

delay between hiding and searching

Question 11

Speed of __________ is a good predictor of later memory and intelligence.

habituation

making the A-not-B error

accommodation

secondary circular reactions

Answer 11

habituation

Question 12

From infancy onwards, ___________ memory comes more easily to us than __________ memory.

social, recognition

recall, recognition

recognition, recall

infantile amnesia, recall

Answer 12

recognition, recall

Question 13

Scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development .

are useful as a screening tool because those who score very low may have developmental problems

are predictive of later IQ or school performance

are no longer used because they are considered out of date

are calculated for use with children aged 3 months to 9 years

Answer 13

are useful as a screening tool because those who score very low may have developmental problems

Question 14

Based on research, it would appear that educational media products .

greatly accelerate the cognitive development of infants

are used by almost 50% of babies in the United States

have no effect on infants’ cognitive development

develop better attention spans in babies

Answer 14

have no effect on infants’ cognitive development

Question 15

Babbling .

is found only in infants from Western cultures

occurs only if the infant can hear

develops before cooing

is universal

Answer 15

is universal

Question 16

Use of infant-directed speech .

is less common outside developed countries

leads to slower development of language than the style of language typically spoken with adults

involves speaking in a lower than normal tone and using less repetition than in normal speech

has been shown to be less interesting to babies than normal speech; a reason why many parents do not use this type of ‘baby talk’

Answer 16

is less common outside developed countries

Question 17

Temperament .

has been measured using the same 19 components across various studies

has only been assessed using cross-sectional methods

is considered to have a biological basis

has no bearing whatsoever on later development

Answer 17

is considered to have a biological basis

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates a good fit between caregiver and child?

An irritable baby who is reared by parents who are rigid and intolerant

A ‘difficult’ infant whose parents respond with anger and frustration

A slow-to-warm-up baby whose parents are understanding and tolerant

A baby with a tendency towards negative emotions whose parents try to overcome this by encouraging face-to-face interactions with others

Answer 18

A slow-to-warm-up baby whose parents are understanding and tolerant

Question 19

The emotion that an infant would most likely display latest in development is .

fear

shame

disgust

anger

Answer 19

shame

Question 20

When mothers show negative emotions in relation to a toy in the laboratory, infants will avoid the toy, which illustrates .

habituation

social referencing

the still-face paradigm

goodness-of-fit

Answer 20

social referencing

Question 21

Which of the following is a common feature of infant social life in most cultures throughout history?

Infants spend a lot of their day in the company of their fathers.

Infants are cared for exclusively by the mothers until they become old enough to walk.

Infants are often kept away from older adults so that they will be less vulnerable to the spread of disease.

Infants are surrounded by others and carried or held almost constantly.

Answer 21

Infants are surrounded by others and carried or held almost constantly.

Question 22

Erikson and Bowlby both view _________ as the key issue in an infant’s attachment to others.

nourishment

trust

age

personality

Answer 22

trust