practice exam 6 Flashcards
According to Lewis, what type of emotion requires social learning such as embarrassment, shame, and guilt?
a) secondary
b) primary
c) elementary
d) primitive
a) secondary
According to Piaget, an individual’s cognitive development is driven by ____.
a) an effort to understand and influence the surrounding environment
b) an effort to satisfy the id while working with the superego
c) the need to satisfy a deficient cognitive state
d) the need for superiority due to innate deficiencies
a) an effort to understand and influence the surrounding environment
What did Piaget call the cognitive structures for processing, organizing, and interpreting information?
a) schemes
b) active processing
c) assimilation
d) accommodation
a) schemes
____ is when new information is altered to fit an existing scheme, whereas ____ is when a scheme is changed to adapt to new information.
a) Assimilation; accommodation
b) Accommodation; assimilation
c) Retrieval; encoding
d) Encoding; retrieval
a) Assimilation; accommodation
Infants in this sensorimotor substage learn to repeat bodily movement that occurred initially by chance; they then repeat this chance behavior intentionally.
a) substage 2: first habits and primary circular reactions
b) substage 1: simple reflexes
c) substage 3: secondary circular reactions
d) substage 4: coordination of secondary schemes
c) substage 3: secondary circular reactions
When an infant’s actions first become intentional and goal-directed, rather than reactive, he or she is in sensorimotor substage ____.
a) substage 4: coordination of secondary schemes
b) substage 1: simple reflexes
c) substage 2: first habits and primary circular reactions
d) substage 3: secondary circular reactions
a) substage 4: coordination of secondary schemes
Which of the following is a major criticism of Piaget’s theories of cognitive development?
a) he underestimated the cognitive
abilities of infants
b) he overestimated the cognitive
abilities of children
c) his theories are not supported by
modern research
d) his sample size was too large and
over representative
a) he underestimated the cognitive
abilities of infants
Piaget’s stages views cognitive growth as ____, whereas the information-processing approach views cognitive changes as ____.
a) discontinuous; continuous
b) external; internal
c) internal; external
d) continuous; discontinuous
a) discontinuous; continuous
Which of the following areas make up Arnold Gesell’s developmental quotient (DQ)?
a) motor skills, language use, adaptive behaviors, and personal-social behavior
b) reflexive index, score on a 16PF rating, Apgar score, and adaptive functioning
c) muscular strength, lung capacity, language use, and social-emotional rating
d) intelligence quotient, functional behavioral assessment rating, and Apgar score
a) motor skills, language use, adaptive behaviors, and personal-social behavior
An infant who scores extremely low on the Bayley scales ____.
a) may have serious development problems and needs immediate attention
b) may need the intervention of a social psychologist and pediatric dietitian
c) is predicted to do extremely well on an IQ test
d) is doing extremely well and above normal development milestones
a) may have serious development problems and needs immediate attention
Longitudinal studies examining attention have found that compared to “long-lookers,” “ short-lookers” in infancy tend to have ____.
a) higher IQ scores later in development
b) lower IQ scores later in development
c) lower attention scores later in development
d) higher attention scores later in development
a) higher IQ scores later in development
In what type of speech do adults talk to infants by raising the pitch of their voices, exaggerating their intonation, and repeating words?
a) infant-directed speech
b) slow-down speech
c) baby talk
d) neuro-stimulating speech
a) infant-directed speech
Early in life, infants accumulate fat. This helps the infant ____.
a) maintain a constant body temperature
b) maintain high energy level
c) build muscle
d)create brain cells
a) maintain a constant body temperature
____ is comprised of personal attributes such as irritability, soothability, emotional reactivity, and sociability.
a) Temperament
b) Attachment
c) Intelligence quotient
d) Developmental quotient
a) Temperament
Miriam has a regular sleep-and-eat pattern, is generally in a positive mood, and adapts well to new situations. According to Thomas and Chess what is her temperament style?
a) easy
b) difficult
c) slow-to-warm-up
d) undifferentiated
a) easy
