Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Lecture Test 2 > Vascular System part 1 Arteries > Flashcards

Vascular System part 1 Arteries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the Cardiovascular System?

A

transport of O2/ CO2 and nutrients/ metabolic waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the secondary function of the Cardiovascular System?

A

thermoregulation, transport of immune cells/ hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vascular System consists of heart and blood =

A

blood vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 2 components of the circulatory system

A

pulmonary and systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

Right A and V –> pulmonary Aa –> lungs –> pulmonary Vv –> LA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Left A and V–> aorta –> rest of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lymph vascular system

A

passive drainage
returning lymph to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

thoracic duct

A

drains whole body except right read, neck and upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

drains the right head, neck, and upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lymph vascular system lack _____

A

intrinsic pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lymph vascular system rely on

A

muscle contraction for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

endocardium, myocardium, and the epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

endocardium

A

inner most layer
endothelial layer lining and subendothelial connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer
striated cardiac muscles
forms three cardiac muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 3 major cardiac muscle types of the myocardium?

A

atrial
ventricular
specialized excitatory and conductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer
visceral layer of pericardium
low friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where do you find nerves in the heart tissue?

A

in the epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what layer of the heart do you find Purkinje Fibers?

A

subendocardial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

subendocardial layer

A

found between the endocardium and myocardium and contains the impulse-conducting system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

modified cardiac cells of the hearts impulse conducting system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The thickness of the connective tissue in the endocardium ______

A

varies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the thickest layer of the heart wall?

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Myocardium contains

A

cardiac muscle
connective tissue
small blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is myocardium thicker?

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cardiac muscles in the myocardium are arranged in a

A

spiral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Mesothelium

A

underlying layer of loose connective tissue
rich in
-adipose
- small nerves
- blood vessels
-large coronary vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Vasa Vasorum

A

blood vessels
“going to the bigger artery”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the epicardium also known as?

A

Visceral Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tunica Externa/Adventitia

A

outermost layer
helps anchor vessels to other tissues
vasa vasorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In what type of vessels do you find vasa vasorum in the Tunica Externa?

A

larger vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In what vessel is the Tunica Externa the thickest?

A

in Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Nervi Vasculares

A

autonomics
control smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction and vasodilation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the Tunica Externa/Adventitia composed of?

A

-loose (fibroblastic) connective tissue
-elastic and collagen fibers
-fibroblasts
-smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

External Elastic Lamina

A

seperates the tunica media from the Adventitia
composed of elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which fibers are less organized the External or internal Elastic Lamina?

A

External Elastic Lamina

36
Q

Tunica Media

A

middle layer
highly variable

37
Q

What is the Tunica Media composed of?

A

-circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells
-fibroblastic connective tissue
-may contain reticulin ( Type 3 collagen) and elastic fibers

38
Q

Tunica Intima/ Interna

A

-innermost layer
-very thin 1-2 cells thick
-forms semi-permeable barrier

39
Q

Internal Elastic Lamina

A

-separates tunica intima and media
-composed of elastic fibers
in larger arteries

40
Q

Fascia Occludens

A

specialized discontinuous tight junctions between endothelial cells
(in the tunica intima)

41
Q

What are the dark wavy lines found in the blood vessels layers

A

External and internal Elastic Lamina

42
Q

Where should you not see fat in the layers of the blood vessels?

A

Tunica Media

43
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

-due to sympathetics,
post-ganglionic nerve fibers
-act on SM of tunica media
-decrease lumen diameter

44
Q

Vasodilation

A

“controversial”
passive/ inhibition of sympathetic
INDIERCT parasympathetic innervation

45
Q

Relaxation of smooth muscle in the blood vessels
(indirect parasympathetics)

A

-Ach cause endothelial cells to release NO( nitric oxide)
-NO causes smooth muscle to relax

46
Q

When there is low O2 tension

A

-smooth muscle in walls of arterioles relax
-cause vasodilation and increase blood flw

47
Q

What are specialized sensory receptors located in the wall of the blood vessel?

A

baroreceptor
chemoreceptors

48
Q

baroreceptor function

A

detect blood pressure

49
Q

Where are baroreceptor located?

A

carotid sinus and aortic arch

50
Q

chemoreceptors function

A

detect changes in O2, CO2 tension and pH

51
Q

Where are chemoreceptors located?

A

bifurcation of carotid artery and Aortic bodies in the aortic arch

52
Q

What are the 3 major types of artery groups?

A

-Large Elastic arteries
-Medium Sized muscular arteries
-smalle arteries and ateriols

53
Q

Arteries

A

-blood AWAY from the heart
-store some blood during cardiac systole

54
Q

Arteries contain

A

larger amount of elastin and smooth muscle

55
Q

Large Elastic Arteries contain

A

-lots of smooth muscle and
-lots of elastic fibers (BIG)
-should see internal and external elastic lamina

56
Q

Examples of Large Elastic Arteries

A

aorta, common carotid, subclavian, pulmonary artery

57
Q

Large Elastic Arteries recoil during

A

diastole

58
Q

Large Elastic Arteries distend during

A

systole

59
Q

Large Elastic(conducting) Arteries

A

get blood straight from heart

60
Q

What layer is the thickest in Large Elastic Arteries?

A

tunica media

61
Q

Tunica Media in Large Elastic Arteries

A

have sheets of elastic tissue
helps to maintain BP between systole and diastole

62
Q

What color does elastin stains?

A

Black dark

63
Q

Muscular Arteries size

A

2-10mm in diameter

64
Q

Muscular Arteries contain

A

-have more smooth muscle and less elastin in tunica media than elastic arteries
-distinct internal elastic lamina

65
Q

Where can you find a fenestrated external elastic lamina?

A

in some large Muscular Arteries at the junction of the tunica media and adventitia

66
Q

Examples of Muscular Arteries

A

radial, tibial, splenic, mesenteric, and intercostal arteries

67
Q

Arterioles or Resistance Vessels

A

regulate distribution of blood to capillary beds

68
Q

What is the major determinate of blood pressure?

A

Arterioles or Resistance Vessels

69
Q

Arterioles/Resistance Vessels contain

A

-little smooth muscle (tunica media is 2-3 cells thick)
-no internal or external elastic lamina
-endothelium cells
-“no elastic fibers”

70
Q

Pre-capillary Sphincters

A

-intermittent ring of smooth muscle with the walls of arterioles
-regulate the distribution of blood to capillary

70
Q

Metarterioles

A

-between arterioles and capillaries
“gate keeper to capillary bed”
discontinuous smooth muscle

71
Q

Microcirculation

A

the blood flow from arteriole through the capillary bed to the postcapillary venules

72
Q

What is cite of Microcirculation?

A

Microvascular bed

73
Q

Microvascular bed

A

terminal arteriole
capillary bed
postcapillary venues

74
Q

Thoroughfare channels

A

-slightly large capillaries
-preferential
-blood flow is continuous

75
Q

True Capillaries

A

blood flow is intermittent

76
Q

Capillaries

A

-functional unit of the cardiovascular system
-exchange of gas, fluids, metabolites, and waste

77
Q

Capillaries are wide enough for

A

one erythrocyte to fit at a time (5-10um) and very thin (0.5)

78
Q

Capillaries contain

A

-only tunica intima
-this layer has a basement membrane, endothelium, and small # of pericytes

79
Q

What are Pericytes derived from?

A

same precursor as endothelial cell

80
Q

Capillaries do NOT exhibit ___________ activity themselves

A

vasomotor

81
Q

Continuous Capillaries

A

endothelium layer with tight junctions and a basal lamina with pericytes

82
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries

A

have pores or fenestrae

83
Q

Where can you find Fenestrated Capillaries?

A

Gi and kidney

84
Q

Sinusoids or discontinuous capillaries

A

incomplete endothelial lining and basal lamina with gaps between and within the endothelial cells

85
Q

where do you find Sinusoids capillary?

A

liver and spleen

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions