Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Lecture Test 2 > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

3 Main lines of Defense

A

1.Protective surface mechanism
2. innate immune system
3. Adaptive Immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Protective surface mechanism

A

-1st line of defense in skin and mucous membranes
-defensins
-lysozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Defensins

A

-short antimicrobial peptides
-found in surface mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lysozyme

A

secreted in tears and salvia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

innate immune system

A

-rapid
-WBCs, proteins, and peptides
-same magnitude each time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Initial Innate response cause

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute Inflammation is characterized by

A

-vascular changes (including dilation)
- enhanced permeability of capillaries
-increase blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adaptive Immune System

A

-can learn
-more specific response
-depends on lymphocytes
-requires antigen presenting cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cellular response of the Adaptive Immune System

A

T- cells (goes and attacks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Humoral response of the Adaptive Immune System

A

B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adaptive response modifies some of the innate response

A

opsonization
complement cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the major components of the immune system?

A

-neutrophils
-eosinophils
- macrophages
-natural killer cells
-complement
-chemokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

natural killer cells

A

recognize and kill virus infected and cancerous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complement

A
  • organisms to facilitate phagocytosis
    Chemoattractant for various cells
    -Membrane attack complex (MAC) kills cells by puncturing plasma membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dense Lymphoid Tissue

A

-organized into discreet structure or organ
-can take out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of dense Lymphoid Tissue

A

-lymph nodes
-spleen
-thymus
-tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diffuse Lymphoid Tissue

A

-located throughout the body
-common in respiratory and digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Both dense and diffuse Lymphoid Tissue contain

A

a large number of lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MALT

A

mucus associated lymphoid Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Primary Lymphoid Tissue

A

b or T cell acquire receptors (where they become mature)

Bone marrow - B cells
thymus - T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Secondary Lymphoid Tissue

A

where b and T cells migrate after becoming mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lymphomas

A

malignant tumor of the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

leukemias

A

cancer of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lymphatic vessels

A
  • in connective tissue
    -blind-ended
    -easy to get in hard to get out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lymphocyte

A

-constantly patrol
- in blood, lymph, or extracellular fluid
-B and T cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What activates Lymphocyte?

A

antigen is presented to their surface receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T cells must bind to

A

major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

-binding also depending de on shape and charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

B Cell receptors

A
  • huge variety
    -binding depending de on shape and charge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T cells migrate from _______ to _______

A

bone marrow, thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

T helper cells (TH cells)

A

-help other cells
- secrete mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What cells do T helper cells help?

A

B cells
cytotoxic T cells macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

-kill virus infected and some cancer cells
-require TH cells to become active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Regulatory T cells (TREG)

A

-suppress immune responsiveness to self
-switch off response when antigen is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Memory T cells

A

provide rapid reaction to subsequent encounter with the same antigen
(basis of vaccination)

35
Q

Memory T cells develop from

A

activated T cells

36
Q

B cells mature into

A

plasma cell

37
Q

Plasma Cell

A

-make large amount of antibodies

38
Q

What are the 5 major antibodies?

A

IgG
Ig A
Ig E
Ig D
Ig M

39
Q

Activivated B cells

A
  • make clones of themselves
    -make memory B cells
40
Q

Lymph nodes have a lot

A

of afferent (coming in)

41
Q

Normally How many efferents leave the lymph node?

A

1

42
Q

Lymph nodes are considered

A

dense secondary tissue

43
Q

Functions of the Lymph nodes

A

*Non-specific filter
* Interaction of circulating lymphocytes with Antigen in lymph
* Aggregation, activation, & proliferation of B-cells with
subsequent Ab production
* Aggregation & proliferation of T-cells & induction of cytotoxic
immunity

44
Q

Lymph nodes arranged in

A

chains or clusters along vessels lymphatic origin

45
Q

Examples of Lymph nodes

A

-submandibular
-cervical
-axillary
-femoral
-popliteal

46
Q

lymphoid cell

A

-lymphocytes of all types
-enter node via bloodstream

47
Q

immune accessory cell

A

Antigen presenting cell

48
Q

What are examples of immune accessory cell?

A

macrophage
B cells
T cells
dendritic cell

49
Q

Follicular Dendritic Cells

A

macrophage
travels to lymph node to present antigen

50
Q

Follicular Dendritic Cells are at

A

periphery of germinal centers

51
Q

Tingle Body Macrophage

A

in the center of germinal centers

52
Q

Stromal cells

A

fibroblasts & reticular cells ( make 3D space)

53
Q

lymph node capsule

A

-outer fibrous layer
-dense irregular connective tissue

54
Q

Cortex of the lymph node

A

-contains b and T cells and plasma cells
- less cellular
-dense
-follicle found here

55
Q

Medullary Cords

A

extension of the cortical tissue into the medulla

56
Q

Medullary Sinuses

A

-broad lymphatic channels that separate the Medullary Cords
-in inner medulla
-converge at hilum

57
Q

Medullary Sinuses contain

A

lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages

58
Q

Where does blood enter and leave the lymph node?

A

hilum

59
Q

1’ follicle

A

densely packed

60
Q

2’ follicle

A

-less dense
-germinal center
- where lymphocytes are responding to antigens
-B cell proliferation

61
Q

What cause the enlargement and swelling of lymph node?

A

proliferation of lymphocytes

62
Q

What is the region that surround the germinal center?

A

mantle or marginal zone
(region of antigen presentation)

63
Q

subcapsular sinus

A

-space under capsule
-afferent lymph vessels drain into

64
Q

On what side of the subcapsular sinus do you find Endothelium that is continuous?

A

near the capsule (prevents leaking)

65
Q

On what side of the subcapsular sinus do you find Endothelium that is discontinuous?

A

near the cortex

66
Q

Post capillary venues in the lymph node are called

A

high endothelial
venules

67
Q

high endothelial
venules are located at

A

located in deep, inner cortex of node at
corticomedullary junction, or paracortical zone

68
Q

B and T cells leave the blood stream and enter the bloodstream via

(process)

A

diapedesis

69
Q

addressins

A

-complementary adhesion molecules that facilitate diapedesis
- present on both
endothelial cells & lymphocyte

70
Q

high endothelial
venules lined by

A

cuboidal or
columnar endothelium

71
Q

Where does lymph return to the blood stream?

A

-Thoracic duct
-Right lymphatic duct

72
Q

Function of the Thymus

A

-clonal proliferation of cytotoxicT cells
-clonal deletion of self antibodies
-production of mature T cells
-secretion of hormones

73
Q

Failure of clonal deletion leads to

A

autoimune diease

74
Q

Thymus interlobular septa

A

divide thymus into lobes

75
Q

cortex of the Thymus

A

packed with lymphocytes
(mostly T cells and macrophages)

75
Q

Thymus is limited to _______ clonal expansion of T cells

A

local (NO 2’ follicles)

76
Q

Medula of the Thymus contains

A

B cells
plasma cells
macrophages
(is less cellular than LN)

77
Q

Nurse Cells

A

-epithelial cells in thymus provide nurse
function & structural suppor

78
Q

hassal Corpuscles

A

-eosinophilic, lamellated
-in both medulla (more common) & cortex
-represent degenerate
reticular & epithelial nurse cells

in thymus

79
Q

Nurse Cells secrete

A

thymotaxin
thymosin
thymopoietin
(T cell differentiation)

80
Q

Thymus becomes

A

fat with age

81
Q

Blood thymus barrier

A

-connective tissue shealth
-forms continuous
antigenic barrier (isolates thymus from immune system)

81
Q
A

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions