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Histology Lecture Test 2 > Skin Part 3: Integument and Barries to Infection > Flashcards

Skin Part 3: Integument and Barries to Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications for sensory receptors of the skin based on the source?

A

exteroceptor
proprioceptors
interoceptors

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2
Q

exteroceptor

A

external environment

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3
Q

proprioceptors

A

position and movement of the body

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4
Q

interoceptors

A

internal organs

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5
Q

What are the classifications for sensory receptors of the skin based on the stimulus?

A

mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors

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6
Q

nociceptors

A

sense pain

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7
Q

thermoreceptors

A

respond to cold of heat

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8
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

respond to stretch, vibration, and mechanical deformation

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9
Q

free nerve ending

A

-most numerous
-surround hair follicle
-lack connective tissue capsule

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10
Q

Where do you find free nerve endings

A

in the epidermis and papillary dermis (surround hair follicles)

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11
Q

What is the function of free nerve endings?

A

modulates hot/cold, touch, pain and movement

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12
Q

What are Merkel Cells derived from?

A

neural crest

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13
Q

Where are Merkel Cells found

A

in the stratum basale

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14
Q

Merkel Cells contain

A

dense granules (hold serotonin)

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15
Q

What sensory cell would you find serotonin?

A

Merkel Cells

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16
Q

Meissner Corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptor (afferent)

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17
Q

where do you find Meissner Corpuscles?

A

in the dermal ridges
hand feet, lips, genitalia

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18
Q

Ruffini Corpuscles

A

small dermal mechanoreceptors
common in soles of the feet

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19
Q

Where is a common place to find Ruffini Corpuscles?

A

soles of the feet

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20
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors
detect mechanical and vibratory pressure

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21
Q

where do you find Pacinian Corpuscles?

A

in the dermis and hypodermis
prominent in finger tips and around joints

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22
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles consist of _____ nerve fibers

A

afferent

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23
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles nerves are surrounded by

A

highly modified Schwann cells
(forms concentric lamellae separated by fluid filled spaces

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24
Q

Hair follicle

A

downgrowth of epidermis

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25
Q

Hair follicle produced in association with

A

sebaceous gland
smooth muscle (arrector pili)

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26
Q

arrector pili

A

buddles of smooth muscle
attach to hair follicle sheath
rasie hair =contraction

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27
Q

Goosebumps are cause normally by

A

sympathetic stimulation

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28
Q

piloerction

A

contract of the arrector pili
raises the hair

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29
Q

pilosebaceous follicle or units

A

follicle
sebaceous gland
smooth muscle (arrector pili)

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30
Q

cuticle of the hair

A

thin
covers the shaft
overlapping keratin

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31
Q

anagen

A

long active phase of active growth

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32
Q

catagen

A

short phase of involution
(transition)

hair growth

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33
Q

telogen

A

short inactive phase
“resting period”

hair growth

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34
Q

exogen

A

shedding of old shaft

35
Q

villus hair

A

body hair of children
fine hair

36
Q

terminal hairs

A

more coarse
replace vellum hair at puberty

37
Q

In what layer doe hair start to form

A

stratum basale

38
Q

Hair forms via

A

interaction with a hair germ cell and fibroblasts from dermal papilla

39
Q

The follicular build is capable of

A

regenerating

40
Q

what is the middle (center) portion of the hair follicle?

A

medulla and cortex

41
Q

What makes ups the hair shaft?

A

medula and cortex surround by cuticle

42
Q

What forms the internal root sheath?

A

the hair bulb

43
Q

WHat forms the external root sheath?

A

epidermis

44
Q

What gives hair its color?

A

melanocytes

45
Q

Where does hair growth occur?

A

within the deep terminal expansion of the follicle
hair buld= hair root

46
Q

What cells line the hair bulb?

A

“matrix cells”
actively dividing
homologous to stratum basale

47
Q

dermal papilla (hair)

A

vascular core of the hair
invagination of dermis
contains blood vessels

48
Q

keratin in the hair is

A

arranged in long parallel bundles

49
Q

internal and external root sheath

A

line hair follicle
protects it

50
Q

Glassy membrane

A

modified basement membrane
separates hair bulb from surrounding dermis

51
Q

Hair is not found

A

on thick skin

52
Q

matrix cells differentiate into

A

the hair follicle with the medulla cortex and inner and outer root sheath

53
Q

Androgenic ALopecia

A

most common form of hair loss

54
Q

Androgenic Alopecia affects ________ of adults

A

30-40%

55
Q

in Androgenic ALopecia affect indicuals tend to have high levels of

A

5-a-reductase

56
Q

5-a-reductase

A

enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydroxytestosterone

57
Q

dihydroxytestosterone causes

A

follicular atrophy

58
Q

Cutaneous Horn

A

can be benign or malignant
made of keratin

59
Q

what cell are the cell of the nail plate

A

corneocytes

60
Q

corneocytes

A

no nucleus
no organelles
a lot of calcium and sulfur (makes hard)

61
Q

nail bed

A

ventral surface of the nail plate

62
Q

cuticle

A

thick corneal layer at the base of the nail plate

63
Q

eponychium

A

covers the proximal nail fold
contributes to the superficial layer of the nail plate

64
Q

lunula

A

white crescent on nail

65
Q

hyponychium

A

union of nail plate to nail bed

66
Q

Flattened nails are unique to

A

primates

67
Q

the nail root

A

extend into the Demis
attaches to the periosteum of distal phalanx

68
Q

Nail growth occurs by

A

proliferation and differentiation of epithelium at the nail root

69
Q

where does nail growth occur?

A

germinative zone of the nail matrix
(underlies the white crescent)

70
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

associated with hair follicle
holocrine (whole cell is lost)

71
Q

where do Sebaceous glands empty into?

A

the follicle or directly on to skin

72
Q

Sebaceous glands produce

A

sebum (lipid rich and oily)

73
Q

Pilosebaceous canal

A

connection from the gland to the follicle

74
Q

Seborrhea

A

excessive secretion of sebum

75
Q

What are the 2 types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine/merocrine
Apocrine

76
Q

How do Eccrine glands secrete

A

merocrine (exocytosis_

77
Q

Where do you find Apocrine glands?

A

axillae and groin

78
Q

Where do you find eccrine glands?

A

everywhere but the lips and genitals

79
Q

What is the main sign that it is Apocrine gland?

A

LARGE LUMEN

80
Q

What does apocrine glands secrete?

A

thick, viscid into hair follicle
odorless

81
Q

Ceruminous

A

modified apocrine glands
make ear wax

82
Q

The body loses an average of ________ per dayof water due to evaporation

A

600ml

83
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

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