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Histology Lecture Test 2 > Vascular System part 2 Veins & Lymphatics > Flashcards

Vascular System part 2 Veins & Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

Endothelial Cells produce

A

vaso activated substances

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2
Q

What gets smooth muscle to relax?

A

nitric oxide and prostacyclin

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3
Q

prostacyclin

A

-prevents platelet adhesion and clumping (prevents clotting)
-gets smooth muscle to relax

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4
Q

Endothelin 1

A

potent vasoconstrictor peptide

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5
Q

topographic Permeability

A

venous end is more permeable than arterial end

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6
Q

What has the greatest permeability to leukocytes?

A

Postcapillary venules

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7
Q

What activates endothelium cells?

A

cytokines

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8
Q

What happen when endothelium cells are activated ?

A

go from flat to cuboidal
express cell adhesion for neutrophils

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9
Q

Weibel-Palade Bodies

A

storage granules

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10
Q

What do Weibel-Palade Bodies contain?

A

von Willebrand factor or P-section

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11
Q

Where do you not see Weibel-Palade Bodies

A

lymphatic capillaries

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12
Q

von Willebrand factor

A

essential for blood coagulation
binds with factor VIII (8) and leads to platelet adhesion

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13
Q

P-selectin

A

-increase permeability of endothelium
- facilitates leukocytes leaving the blood stream

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14
Q

What causes cells to lose attachment to one an other and retract?

A

Histamine

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15
Q

In the venous system you ______ see external elastic lamina

A

rarely

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16
Q

Veins have ______ in them

A

valves

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17
Q

What have valves?

A

veins and lymphatics

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18
Q

Postcapillary Venules

A

resemble capillaries but with wider lumen and more pericytes

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19
Q

What is the preferred site for migration of blood cells into the tissue?

A

postcapillary venules

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20
Q

Veins have relatively _______ ________ compared to arteries of the same size

A

thinner walls

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21
Q

Veins are often

A

collapsed (not a perfect circle)

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22
Q

Medium Muscular Viens

A

contain internal elastic lamina only

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23
Q

Serotonin and Histamine

A

vasoactive
act on venules
make more permeable

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24
Q

What causes Varicose Veins?

A

valves in the vein do not close properly

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25
Q

Embolus

A

part of a DBT that has broken off (circulating clot)

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26
Q

AV shunts

A

-direct connections between arterial and venous system (bypass capillary bed)
-common in the skin (thermoregulation)

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27
Q

Portal Vessels

A

vein or artery connect to capillary beds

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28
Q

What are examples of Portal Vessels?

A

hepatic portal vein and venous portal system

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29
Q

Vasculitis

A

-inflammation of your blood vessels (artery or veins)
-decreases lumen and blood flow

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30
Q

What can Vasculitis lead to?

A

changes in the blood vessels scarring, weakening, thickening, narrowing

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31
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

-thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries

-caused by plaques, lipids, cells and connective tissue deposited int he tunica intima

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32
Q

Atherosclerosis is the cause of

A

myocardial infarction
stroke
ischemic gangrene

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33
Q

Atherosclerosis ______ affect veins

A

doesn’t

34
Q

Atherosclerosis ______ affect arteries

A

does

35
Q

Atherosclerosis correlates with serum level of

A

cholesterol or low-density of lipoprotein

36
Q

familial hypercholesterolemia

A

genetic defect in lipoprotein metabolism (seen before age of 20)

37
Q

Process of Atherosclerosis

A

-endothelium is damaged
-cholesterol bind to exposed proteins
-macrophages eat up cells
- later subintimal cells eat up
-if inflammatory response is chronic then occurs atherosclerosis

38
Q

subintimal cells

A

below superficial layer
called “foam cells” when they act like macrophage

39
Q

Atherosclerosis is often associated with

A

-hypertension
-Thromboembolic Disease

40
Q

secondary calcification =

A

hardening of artery

41
Q

Atheroma

A

-degeneration of the walls of the arteries
-the fatty material that forms plaques in the arteries

42
Q

Thrombus

A

platelet accumulation impeding blood flow

43
Q

Acute Ischemic Event

A

blocking of a vessel
stops blood flow to the area

44
Q

Angina

A

chest pain

45
Q

Stenosis

A

narrowing

46
Q

What is the most common kind of ischemic heart disease?

A

Atherosclerosis

47
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

death by ischemia to cardiac muscles

48
Q

Cardiac muscle is unable to

A

regenerate or heal (terminally differentiated

49
Q

Cardiac muscle is in what phase?

A

G0

50
Q

What does the body try to patch the heart with?

A

fibrous connective tissue

51
Q

patching with fibrous connective tissue causes

A

less stretch =loss of function

52
Q

Stroke

A

ischemia to the brain

53
Q

Neurons are in what phase?

A

G0

54
Q

Cerebral infarct

A

neural cell death and function

55
Q

Function of Lymphatic Vessels

A

-remove excess fluid
- transport chylomicrons
-conduct immune cells and lymph cells to lymph nodes

56
Q

Lacteals

A

lines the gut tube
pick up chylomicrons

57
Q

chylomicrons

A

lipid containing particles

58
Q

Lymph endothelial cells are highly active in

A

phagocytosis

59
Q

Lymphatic Capillary structure

A

-thin tunica media
-valves present
-basement membrane and pericytes (present or absent)

60
Q

Where do you not find lymphatic capillaries?

A

cartilage, bone, epithelia, CNS, and placenta

61
Q

lymph is formed as a result of

A

hyrdrostatic pressure in the arterioles

62
Q

Lymph node function

A

recognition, activation of immune cells and production of antibodies

63
Q

_________ lymph drainage is important in tumor metastasis

A

asymmetrical

64
Q

Lymph nodes lack

A

blood

65
Q

Lymph nodes contain

A

-lymph
-sometimes WBC

66
Q

lymph

A

smooth eosinophilic proteinaceous fluid

67
Q

Thoracic duct

A

largest lymph vessel in the body

68
Q

Where does lymph return into the blood stream?

exact location

A

at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein

69
Q

peripheral edemea

A

swollen feet

70
Q

Intrinsic contraction (lymph)

A
  • when filled with lymph vessels expand
    -smooth muscle in walls contract
71
Q

extrinsic contraction (lymph)

A

external factors
-exercise
-moving around

72
Q

lymphangions

A

between successive valves

73
Q

Lymphedema

A

defect in transport of lymph

74
Q

Lymphedema is due to

A

abnormal vessels
damaged vessels

75
Q

Filariasis

A

-parasitic infection of lymphatic vessels
-chronic lymphedema of legs and genitals

76
Q

Is caused by Filariasis

A

Wuchereria bancrofti or
Brugia malayi worms

77
Q

How is Filariasis transmitted?

A

mosquito bites

78
Q

Filariasis occurs in

A

tropical countries

79
Q

Chylous ascites and chylothorax caused by

A

accumulation of high fat containing fluid, or chyle, in
the abdomen or thorax

80
Q

Chylous ascites and chylothorax result from

A

trauma
obstruction
or abnormal development of lymphatic
vessels

Histology Lecture Test 2 (12 decks)

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