Unit 3 - Cataracts and and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Flashcards
1
Q
What are the risk factors of cataracts? (9)
A
- advanced age
- smoking
- prolonged exposure to sunlight
- diabetes
- malnutrition
- corticosteroids
- hypertension
- kidney disease
- history of alcohol and tobacco use
2
Q
What occurs to eye structure in cataracts? (2)
A
- oxidative damage to the lens protein
- fatty deposits in the ocular lens
3
Q
How do you assess for cataracts? (6)
A
- clouding of ocular lens
- appearance of halos around objects
- blurring
- decreased perception to light and colour
- sensitivity to glare
- usually bilaterally
4
Q
What are interventions for cataracts (3)
A
- surgery when there are safety risks or quality of life
- when visual acuity decreases to 20/50
- risk of surgery are detached retina post-surgery (curtain coming down over line of vision, EMERGENCY)
5
Q
What is the nurse’s role in managing cataracts? (4)
A
- recognize changes that may suggest cataracts
- referral and education
- post surgical care
- avoid heavy lifting
6
Q
Which vitamins/minerals reduce risk of cataracts? (4)
A
- intake of high dietary lutein and zeaxanthin (yellow or dark leafy vegetables)
- vitamin C and E
- copper
- zinc
7
Q
What are the risk factors for AMD? (5)
A
- advanced age
- family history
- smoking
- obesity
- exposure to sunlight
8
Q
What is the pathology of AMD? (4)
A
- degenerative eye disease affecting the macula, the central part of the eye responsible for central vision
- results from systemic changes in circulation
- disruption of photoreceptor cells in early stages
- in later stages, hemorrhage of blood vessels in choroid can lead to total blindness
9
Q
How can you assess for AMD? (2)
A
- central vision loss
- use of Amsler grid (perception of wavy lines means beginning of AMD)
10
Q
What are the interventions of AMD? (4)
A
- no cure
- managed by meds
- laser based treatments
- Antioxidant vitamins (C, D, E and beta-carotene)
11
Q
What is the nurse’s role in AMD? (3)
A
- ongoing evaluation
- rehabilitation therapy
- teaching to use the Amsler grid daily
12
Q
What is the study on AMD that can reduce the risk of advanced AMD?
A
- lutein and zeaxanthin and no beta-carotene had a reduction in risk of advanced AMD
