Chapter 9: Joints

Question 1

Name all four categories of joints

Answer 1

Bony Joints (synostosis) / Fibrous joint (synarthrosis) / cartilaginous joint (amphiarthrosis) / synovial joint (diarthrosis)

Question 2

Synostosis

Answer 2

Bony joint

Question 3

synarthrosis

Answer 3

fibrous joint

Question 4

amphiarthrosis

Answer 4

cartilaginous joint

Question 5

diarthrosis

Answer 5

synovial joint

Question 6

Describe bony joints (Synostosis)

Answer 6

immobile joints formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and become a single bone
Ex: The ilium, ischium, and pubis form together in adulthood to create the hip bone

Question 7

Describe fibrous joints (synarthrosis)

Answer 7

A point at which two bounds are bound by collagenous fibers that connect and penetrate both bone matrixes

Question 8

Name the three types of fibrous joints (synarthrosis)

Answer 8

sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses

Question 9

Describe sutures

Answer 9

A subcategory of a fibrous joint (synarthrosis) that is mostly immobile. It is only found in the skull

Question 10

Describe gomphoses

Answer 10

A subcategory of a fibrous joint (synarthrosis) that is only used to describe teeth placement that are held firmly by a fibrous periodontal ligament

Question 11

Describe a syndesmosis

Answer 11

Syndesmoses are fibrous joints at which two bounds are bound by relatively long collagenous fibers. This is the only mobile fibrous joint, although, mobility varies from barely mobile to very mobile.

Question 12

Describe cartilaginous joints

Answer 12

two bones linked by cartilage

Question 13

Name the two types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 13

synchrondroses and symphyses

Question 14

Describe Synchrondroses

Answer 14

bones bound by Hyaline cartilage
Ex: first rib and sternum

Question 15

Describe Symphyses

Answer 15

bones joined by fibrocartilage
Ex: intervertebral disc that attaches the bodies of two vertebrae

Question 16

Describe Synovial Joint (diarthrosis)

Answer 16

the facing surfaces of the two bones in this joint are covered with articular cartilage and are separated by a joint (articular) cavity containing synovial fluid

Question 17

Ball and Socket joint

Answer 17

Muliaxial diarthrosis (synovial) in which a smooth hemispherical of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another.
Ex: shoulder and hip joints

Question 18

Condylar (ellipsoid) joint

Answer 18

biaxial diarthrosis (synovial) in which an oval convex surface of one bone articulates with an elliptical depression of another
Examples: radiocarpal

Question 19

saddle joint

Answer 19

joint in which each bone is saddle-shaped (concave on one axis and convex on the perpendicular axis)

Question 20

Plane (gliding) joint

Answer 20

usually a biaxial diarthrosis with slightly concave or convex bone surfaces that slide across each other.

Question 21

Hinge Joint

Answer 21

Monoaxial diarthrosis , able to flex and extend in only one plane.
Examples: Elbow and knee

Question 22

Pivot joint

Answer 22

a projection of one bone fits into a ringlike ligament of another, allowing one bone to spin on its longitudinal axis

Question 23

Serrated suture: definition and example

Answer 23

suture interlocked by serrated lines
Ex: sagittal suture

Question 24

Lap Suture: definiton and example

Answer 24

Overlapping straight edges
Ex: squamous suture

Question 25

Plane Suture: definition and example

Answer 25

bordering straight edges
Ex: Maxillary suture

Question 26

the interosseous membrane of radius and ulna or tibia and fibula

Answer 26

syndesmoses

Question 27

Name and describe both layers of the joint cavity in a diarthrosis

Answer 27

The outer layer is the fibrous capsule which is dense irregular connective tissue and is continuous with the periosteum of bones. The inner layer is the synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid. Macrophages are also present to clean debris in cavity.