Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Name the types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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2
Q

Name all 5 functions of muscle tissue

A
  1. Movement
  2. Stability
  3. Control of body openings and passages
  4. Heat production (20-30% of BH at rest)
  5. Glycemic Control (regulation of blood glucose)
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3
Q

Name and describe all 5 characteristics of muscle tissue

A
  1. Excitability: able to respond to a stimulus
  2. Conductivity: signal for a muscle to contract is spread throughout the entire muscle
  3. Contractability: the ability to forcefully shorten
  4. Extensibility: to be stretched
  5. Elasticity: ability to recoil to the original resting length when tension is released
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4
Q

Characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers

A

multinucleated, striated, and voluntary

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5
Q

What are connective tissue investments and what is their overall function

A

they are connective tissue sheaths that surround muscle tissue and organize muscle tissue, provide elasticity, and carry blood vessels and nerves to muscle fibers

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6
Q

Epimysium

A

covers the surface of muscle, dense connective tissue, and continuous with fascia on outer surface. Extends into perimysium

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7
Q

Fascia

A

connective tissue sheet that covers epimysium and separates muscles

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8
Q

Perimysium

A

extension of epimysium into muscle; organizes collections of muscle fibers into fascicles; contains nerves and blood vessels

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9
Q

Endomysium

A

extensions of the perimysium that surround individual muscle fibers; loose connective tissue; contains capillaries and nerves

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10
Q

Fusiform

A

muscle shape that is thick in middle and tapers at ends; relatively strong; Ex: biceps brachii and gastrocnemius

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11
Q

Pennate

A

feather shaped muscle; strongest muscle

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12
Q

Aponeurosis

A

broad sheet of connective tissue that connects some muscles to bones in some cases of indirect attachment

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13
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

the closer the load is to the fulcrum and the farther the effort is from the fulcrum, the less effort to move the load in short distances

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14
Q

What is a muscle fiber and what is it made of

A

an individual skeletal muscle cell; sarcolemma: plasma membrane of cell; Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of cell; contains myofibrils

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15
Q

myofibrils

A

cylindrical bundles of protein microfilaments or myofilaments

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16
Q

name types of myofilaments

A

thin, thick, or elastic

17
Q

Transverse tubules (T-tubules)

A

invaginations of the sarcolemma that incircle each myofibril

18
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

A

Endoplasmic reticulum that stores and releases calcium ions. Lies close to T-tubules

19
Q

Terminal Cisternae

A

dilated regions of the SR adjacent to T-tubules

20
Q

Triad

A

a T-tubule and two terminal cisternae

21
Q

Thick Filaments

A

Composed of contractile protein myosin

22
Q

Myosin molecules

A

golf club shaped; tail consisted of two twisted chains; double globular head with actin binding sites

23
Q

Myosin filament

A

composed of 200-500 myosin molecules

24
Q

Name all 3 Thin filaments and functions

A
  1. Actin- contractile protein’ G-actin has active sites where myosin heads bind
  2. Tropomyosin- regulatory protein; blocks active sites of actin in relaxed muscle fibers
  3. troponin- 3 subunits one of which binds calcium
25
Q

Why do muscle striations occur?

A

due to arrangement of thick and thin filaments

26
Q

I Band

A

regions of thin filaments that do not overlap thick filaments; wide light bands

27
Q

A Band

A

Wide Dark Bands; region of overlapping thick and thin filamentts

28
Q

H Zone

A

Narrow light region in the center of A band; only thick filaments

29
Q

M Line

A

Dark line in center of H band; region where the two halves of myosin filaments are joined

30
Q

Z Disks

A

Dark line in center of I band; proteins anchoring thin filaments of adjacent sarcomeres

31
Q

sarcomeres

A

segment of a myofibril extending from one Z-disk to the next.

32
Q

Nodal tissues

A

specialized cardiac muscle fibers; spontaneously depolarizes; generates heartbeat

33
Q

characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue

A

involuntary, striated, and branched; no regeneration does not divide; intercalated disks which are special junctional complexes between cardiocytes

34
Q

characteristics of smooth muscle fibers

A

involuntary, no striations, no branching; spindle shaped; capable of dividing and regenerating; dense bodies that replace Z-disks