Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue Flashcards
Name the types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Name all 5 functions of muscle tissue
- Movement
- Stability
- Control of body openings and passages
- Heat production (20-30% of BH at rest)
- Glycemic Control (regulation of blood glucose)
Name and describe all 5 characteristics of muscle tissue
- Excitability: able to respond to a stimulus
- Conductivity: signal for a muscle to contract is spread throughout the entire muscle
- Contractability: the ability to forcefully shorten
- Extensibility: to be stretched
- Elasticity: ability to recoil to the original resting length when tension is released
Characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers
multinucleated, striated, and voluntary
What are connective tissue investments and what is their overall function
they are connective tissue sheaths that surround muscle tissue and organize muscle tissue, provide elasticity, and carry blood vessels and nerves to muscle fibers
Epimysium
covers the surface of muscle, dense connective tissue, and continuous with fascia on outer surface. Extends into perimysium
Fascia
connective tissue sheet that covers epimysium and separates muscles
Perimysium
extension of epimysium into muscle; organizes collections of muscle fibers into fascicles; contains nerves and blood vessels
Endomysium
extensions of the perimysium that surround individual muscle fibers; loose connective tissue; contains capillaries and nerves
Fusiform
muscle shape that is thick in middle and tapers at ends; relatively strong; Ex: biceps brachii and gastrocnemius
Pennate
feather shaped muscle; strongest muscle
Aponeurosis
broad sheet of connective tissue that connects some muscles to bones in some cases of indirect attachment
Mechanical advantage
the closer the load is to the fulcrum and the farther the effort is from the fulcrum, the less effort to move the load in short distances
What is a muscle fiber and what is it made of
an individual skeletal muscle cell; sarcolemma: plasma membrane of cell; Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of cell; contains myofibrils
myofibrils
cylindrical bundles of protein microfilaments or myofilaments