Exam 4: Ch 25 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urea

A

Product of protein metabolism

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2
Q

Uric acid

A

product of nucleic acid metabolism

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3
Q

Creatinine

A

waste product from muscle wear

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4
Q

osmosregulation

A

function of urinary system to regulate salt and water balance of tissues (blood pressure and volume)

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5
Q

Erythropoietin

A

stimulates production of red blood cells

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6
Q

slit on medial surface of kidney where renal nerves, blood vessels, and ureter enter

A

Hilum

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7
Q

deep to and fused with parietal peritoneum; binds kidney to abdominal wall

A

Renal fascia

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8
Q

adipose tissue; cushions kidney

A

perineal fat capule

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9
Q

Fibrous capsule of kidney

A

protection from trauma and infection

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10
Q

Outer zone of internal kidney appears grainy

A

Renal cortex

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11
Q

Inner zone of internal kidney appears lined

A

Renal medulla

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12
Q

Renal columns

A

extension of the cortex into the medulla

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13
Q

Renal columns divide the medulla into

A

6 to 10 renal pyramids

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14
Q

renal pyramids

A

conical shaped region of medullary tissue
Base: broad region
Renal papilla: pointed apex of pyramid facing renal sinus

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15
Q

Cup-like structure enclosing a renal papilla and collects urine from renal papilla

A

Minor calyx

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16
Q

Major calyx

A

formed by fusion of 2-3 minor calyces

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17
Q

Renal pelvis

A

formed by fusion of 2-3 major calyces

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18
Q

Renal sinus

A

medial cavity with blood vessels, nerves, adipose tissue, etc

19
Q

Kidneys receive how much blood

A

1.2 L/min 21% cardiac output

20
Q

Fluid forced out of blood through pores of glomerulus, a fenestrated capillary tuft; not selective

A

Glomerular filtration

21
Q

Reabsorption of useful substances following glomerular filtration; selective

A

Tubular reabsorption

22
Q

Selective addition of molecules not filtered at glomerulus from blood into nephron

A

Tubular secretion

23
Q

Reabsorption of water to prevent excess water loss in urine

A

Water conservation

24
Q

water conservation is under control by what hormone

A

Antiduretic hormone (ADH)

25
Q

Composed of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule and filters blood plasma to form urine

A

The nephron

26
Q

How many nephrons per kidney

A

1.3 million

27
Q

Glomerulus and Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule together form

A

Renal Corpuscle

28
Q

Glomerulus and its parts

A

tuft of fenestrated capillaries that filters blood creating glomerular filtrate (GF) and sending it to the Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule.

Afferent arteriole: delivers blood to glomerulus for filtration
Efferent arteriole: conducts blood away from glomurulus
Mesangial cells: found between afferent and efferent arterioles

29
Q

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

A

Blind-ended, double walled capsule that encloses the glomerulus and receives the GF from it.
Parietal layer - outer
Visceral layer - inner
- visceral layer contains podocytes with long processes that interdigitate to form Pedicels (foot processes)

30
Q

Vascular pole of renal corpuscle

A

entrance of afferent arteriole/exit of efferent arteriole

31
Q

Urinary pole of renal corpuscle

A

parietal wall of capsule gives rise to renal tubule

32
Q

Filtration membrane

A

Barrier through which blood must pass through in glomerular filtration
- filtration slits of podocytes

33
Q

Primary parts of the Renal Tubule and their overall functions

A
  1. Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Primary site of tubular reabsorption. Receives GF and reabsorbs 65%
  2. Loop of Henle- functions to establish and maintain osmotic gradient in medulla
  3. Distal convoluted tubule - Primary site of secretion and the end of the nephron; shorter and less convoluted than proximal
  4. Collecting ducts - receive GF from several nephrons and reabsorb water and electrolytes
34
Q

Collecting ducts order

A

Cortical collecting ducts merge into medullary collecting ducts merge into papillary collecting ducts which empty urine into minor calyces

35
Q

epithelium in proximal and distal convoluted tubules

A

both are simple cuboidal epithelium but only the proximal has microvilli present

36
Q

Cells that line the collecting ducts

A

Principle cells: cuboidal or columnar; reabsorb Na and water. Secrete K. Equipped with aquaporins which are water channels for rapid transport
Intercalated cells: cuboidal cells that secrete H and bicarbonate ions

37
Q

trasnports urine from renal pelvis to urinarry bladder

A

Ureters

38
Q

stores urin and has rugae like stomach

A

Urinarry bladder

39
Q

Trigone

A

triangular region floor of blader

40
Q

Urinarry bladder has both

A

Serosa and mostly adventitia

41
Q

Muscularis middle layer is also called what in the urinary bladder

A

detrusor muscle

42
Q

Internal urethral sphincter is present in what sex

A

males

43
Q
A