Exam 4: Ch 25 Urinary System

Question 1

Urea

Answer 1

Product of protein metabolism

Question 2

Uric acid

Answer 2

product of nucleic acid metabolism

Question 3

Creatinine

Answer 3

waste product from muscle wear

Question 4

osmosregulation

Answer 4

function of urinary system to regulate salt and water balance of tissues (blood pressure and volume)

Question 5

Erythropoietin

Answer 5

stimulates production of red blood cells

Question 6

slit on medial surface of kidney where renal nerves, blood vessels, and ureter enter

Answer 6

Hilum

Question 7

deep to and fused with parietal peritoneum; binds kidney to abdominal wall

Answer 7

Renal fascia

Question 8

adipose tissue; cushions kidney

Answer 8

perineal fat capule

Question 9

Fibrous capsule of kidney

Answer 9

protection from trauma and infection

Question 10

Outer zone of internal kidney appears grainy

Answer 10

Renal cortex

Question 11

Inner zone of internal kidney appears lined

Answer 11

Renal medulla

Question 12

Renal columns

Answer 12

extension of the cortex into the medulla

Question 13

Renal columns divide the medulla into

Answer 13

6 to 10 renal pyramids

Question 14

renal pyramids

Answer 14

conical shaped region of medullary tissue
Base: broad region
Renal papilla: pointed apex of pyramid facing renal sinus

Question 15

Cup-like structure enclosing a renal papilla and collects urine from renal papilla

Answer 15

Minor calyx

Question 16

Major calyx

Answer 16

formed by fusion of 2-3 minor calyces

Question 17

Renal pelvis

Answer 17

formed by fusion of 2-3 major calyces

Question 18

Renal sinus

Answer 18

medial cavity with blood vessels, nerves, adipose tissue, etc

Question 19

Kidneys receive how much blood

Answer 19

1.2 L/min 21% cardiac output

Question 20

Fluid forced out of blood through pores of glomerulus, a fenestrated capillary tuft; not selective

Answer 20

Glomerular filtration

Question 21

Reabsorption of useful substances following glomerular filtration; selective

Answer 21

Tubular reabsorption

Question 22

Selective addition of molecules not filtered at glomerulus from blood into nephron

Answer 22

Tubular secretion

Question 23

Reabsorption of water to prevent excess water loss in urine

Answer 23

Water conservation

Question 24

water conservation is under control by what hormone

Answer 24

Antiduretic hormone (ADH)

Question 25

Composed of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule and filters blood plasma to form urine

Answer 25

The nephron

Question 26

How many nephrons per kidney

Answer 26

1.3 million

Question 27

Glomerulus and Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule together form

Answer 27

Renal Corpuscle

Question 28

Glomerulus and its parts

Answer 28

tuft of fenestrated capillaries that filters blood creating glomerular filtrate (GF) and sending it to the Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule.

Afferent arteriole: delivers blood to glomerulus for filtration
Efferent arteriole: conducts blood away from glomurulus
Mesangial cells: found between afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 29

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

Answer 29

Blind-ended, double walled capsule that encloses the glomerulus and receives the GF from it.
Parietal layer - outer
Visceral layer - inner
- visceral layer contains podocytes with long processes that interdigitate to form Pedicels (foot processes)

Question 30

Vascular pole of renal corpuscle

Answer 30

entrance of afferent arteriole/exit of efferent arteriole

Question 31

Urinary pole of renal corpuscle

Answer 31

parietal wall of capsule gives rise to renal tubule

Question 32

Filtration membrane

Answer 32

Barrier through which blood must pass through in glomerular filtration
- filtration slits of podocytes

Question 33

Primary parts of the Renal Tubule and their overall functions

Answer 33

1. Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Primary site of tubular reabsorption. Receives GF and reabsorbs 65%
2. Loop of Henle- functions to establish and maintain osmotic gradient in medulla
3. Distal convoluted tubule - Primary site of secretion and the end of the nephron; shorter and less convoluted than proximal
4. Collecting ducts - receive GF from several nephrons and reabsorb water and electrolytes

Question 34

Collecting ducts order

Answer 34

Cortical collecting ducts merge into medullary collecting ducts merge into papillary collecting ducts which empty urine into minor calyces

Question 35

epithelium in proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Answer 35

both are simple cuboidal epithelium but only the proximal has microvilli present

Question 36

Cells that line the collecting ducts

Answer 36

Principle cells: cuboidal or columnar; reabsorb Na and water. Secrete K. Equipped with aquaporins which are water channels for rapid transport
Intercalated cells: cuboidal cells that secrete H and bicarbonate ions

Question 37

trasnports urine from renal pelvis to urinarry bladder

Answer 37

Ureters

Question 38

stores urin and has rugae like stomach

Answer 38

Urinarry bladder

Question 39

Trigone

Answer 39

triangular region floor of blader

Question 40

Urinarry bladder has both

Answer 40

Serosa and mostly adventitia

Question 41

Muscularis middle layer is also called what in the urinary bladder

Answer 41

detrusor muscle

Question 42

Internal urethral sphincter is present in what sex

Answer 42

males