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Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Osteology

A

Study of bones

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2
Q

Functions of bones

A

Support
Protect
Lever system for movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell formation

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3
Q

Cartilage

A

Somewhat rigid but more flexible than bone

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4
Q

Functions of cartilage

A

Model for bone growth
Smooth joint surfaces
Support

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5
Q

Tendons & ligaments

A

Dense regular connective tissue

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6
Q

Functions of Tendons & Ligaments

A

Tendons attach muscle to bone
Ligaments attach bone to bone

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7
Q

Bone shapes

A

Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone

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8
Q

Diaphysis

A

Body of the long bone

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9
Q

Epiphysis

A

Nub ends of the long bones

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10
Q

Epiphyseal plate or growth plate

A

Where cartilage becomes bone in adulthood

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11
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Middle of the long bone

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12
Q

Periosteum

A

Outside surface

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13
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines medullary cavity

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14
Q

Compact bone

A

Forms the diaphysis(shaft) of long bones and thin outer shell of all other bones

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15
Q

Haversian system/osteon

A

Tubes of bone

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16
Q

Haversian canal

A

Central canal where blood vessels connect vertically

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17
Q

Lamellae-concentric rings

A

Tree rings

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18
Q

Osteocytes

A

Holes in the bone

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19
Q

Canaliculi

A

Little vein like canals

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20
Q

Interstitial Lamella

A

Space between osteons

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21
Q

Periosteum

A

2 layers of CT; 1/3 of blood supply

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22
Q

Volkmann’s canal

A

Horizontal canal for blood supply

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23
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone

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24
Q

Trabeculae

A

Rods of bone marrow

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25
Q

Ossification

A

Formation of hard bone

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26
Q

Matrix

A

Collagen fiber

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27
Q

Hydroxyapatite crystals

A

Calcium and phosperus

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28
Q

Osteocytes in lamellae

A

Tunnels of bone to make up the spaces

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29
Q

Two types of bone formation in fetus

A

Intramembranous and endochondral

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30
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts

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31
Q

Calcium homeostasis

A

Stimulates osteoblasts- feedback loop

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32
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Part of the skeleton where bones attach to midline or lie along the body’s axis

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33
Q
A

Occipital

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34
Q
A

Parietal

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35
Q
A

Temporal

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36
Q
A

Frontal

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37
Q
A

Sphenoid

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38
Q
A

Ethmoid

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39
Q
A

Cribriform plate

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40
Q
A

Incisive

41
Q
A

Maxilla

42
Q
A

Nasal

43
Q

Bones of the eye orbit

A

Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Frontal
Palatine

44
Q
A

Zygomatic arch

45
Q
A

Mandible

46
Q
A

Ramus

47
Q
A

Shaft

48
Q
A

Mandibular symphysis

49
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Attached to the base of the skull, the mandible, the tongue and larynx

50
Q

Facial shapes

A

Dolichocephalic(long)
Mesaticephalic
Brachycephalic(short)

51
Q
A

Vertebral column

52
Q
A

Vertebral body

53
Q
A

Transverse

54
Q
A

Spinous

55
Q
A

Vertebral arch

56
Q
A

Vertebral canal

57
Q
A

Cervical section

58
Q
A

Atlas

59
Q
A

Axis

60
Q
A

Thoracic

61
Q
A

Lumbar

62
Q
A

Sacral

63
Q
A

Coccygeal/caudal

64
Q
A

Ribs

65
Q
A

Costochondral junction

66
Q
A

Sternum

67
Q
A

Manubrium

68
Q
A

Xiphoid

69
Q

3 types of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

70
Q

Characteristics of synovial joints

A

Articular surface
Joint capsule surrounding fluid filled cavity
Ligaments

71
Q

Stifle

A

Knee joint

72
Q
A

Lateral collateral ligaments

73
Q
A

Medial collateral ligaments

74
Q

Cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments

A

Keeps the stifle from moving forward and backward

75
Q
A

Patellar tendon; keeps the patella in place

76
Q

Meniscus

A

The cartilage between the femur and the tibia

77
Q

CCL tears

A

Where the stifle gets dislocated

78
Q
A

Elbow

79
Q
A

Carpus

80
Q
A

Radial carpal

81
Q
A

Ulnar carpal

82
Q
A

Accessory carpal

83
Q
A

Distal row

84
Q

How many joints in the carpal?

A

3

85
Q

How many joints in a horses tarsal joint?

A

4

86
Q

3 types of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

87
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Most common joint type; articulate surfaces

88
Q

Movements of synovial joints

A

Flexion/extension
Rotation
Abduction/adduction
Circumduction

89
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding or rocking

90
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Sutures of the skull; splint bones

91
Q

Fractures

A

Break in the bone

92
Q

Dislocations

A

When the joint becomes dislodged from the attached point

93
Q

Hip Dysplasia

A

When the ball is slightly out of the socket from osteoarthritis

94
Q

Elbow Dysplasia

A

Ununited Anconeal Process due to osteoarthritis

95
Q

Crucial Ligament Tear

A

When the stifle can move farther than it should

96
Q

IVDD

A

Slipped disk

97
Q

Angular Limb Deformity

A

Bow legged

98
Q

Contracted Tendons

A

Stiff tendons that wont move

99
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Symphyses and intervertebral disks

Anatomy & Physiology (11 decks)

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