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Anatomy & Physiology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

Myo

A

Muscle

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2
Q

Sarco

A

Muscle cell

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3
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

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4
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary
No striations
Spindle shaped cells
Single nucleus

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5
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Involuntary
Striations
Intercalated disks
Single nucleus
Branching cells

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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Striated
Voluntary
Multiple nuclei

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7
Q

Attachments of skeletal muscles

A

Tendon
Aponeurosis

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8
Q

Tendon

A

CT bands
Connect muscle to bone

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9
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheets of CT
Attach muscle to bone or another muscle

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10
Q

OIA

A

Origin
Insertion
Action

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11
Q

Skeletal Muscle COntrations

A

Prime mover(agonist)
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixator

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12
Q

Prime mover(agonist)

A

Principal muscle that preforms the action

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13
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover
Can smooth out movements

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14
Q

Synergist

A

Assists the prime mover

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15
Q

Fixator

A

Stabilizes joints during movements

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16
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Skeletal muscle cell; very long
Cylindrical
Multiple nuclei

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17
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane

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18
Q

Myofibrils

A

1000s in one fiber

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19
Q

Myofilaments

A

Proteins in myofibril
Contains actin and myosin

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20
Q

Sarcomere

A

Contractile unit
Myofilaments line up in the myofibril
Lay end to end in the myofibril

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21
Q

I band

A

Light band
Actin Myofilaments
Z-line in the middle

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22
Q

A-band

A

Dark bands
Myosin filaments
Overlapping actin Myofilaments
H-zone(only myosin)
M-line(myosin attaches)

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23
Q

Z line

A

Actin filaments attach
Middle of I-band

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24
Q

M line

A

Myosin filaments attach
Middle of a-band and h-zone

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25
Sarcoplasm
Cytoplasm
26
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum(SR)
Stores calcium
27
T Tubules( Transverse tubules)
Extensions of sarcolemma Close association w/SR
28
Fascicles
Groups of muscle fibers
29
Muscle
Multiple fascicles
30
Connective Tissue layers
Endomysium Perimysium Epimysium
31
Endomysium
Surrounds fibers
32
Perimysium
Surrounds fascicles
33
Epimysium
Surrounds entire muscle
34
Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
Sarcomere, action potential and neuromuscular junction
35
Cutaneous
Cutaneous trunci or Panniculus muscle
36
Muscles of the Head
Mastication Tongue Swallowing
37
Muscles of Mastication
Masseter Temporalis Digastricus
38
Masseter
Cheek To close the mouth
39
Temporalis
Muscle on temple; to close the mouth
40
Digastricus
Mandible; to open the mouth
41
Tongue Muscles
Intrinsic Extrinsic
42
Intrinsic muscles
Muscles in the tongue Change the shape of the tongue
43
Extrinsic muscles
Muscles not in the tongue Alter the position of the tongue
44
Glossus
Tongue
45
Swallowing muscles
Hyoid Pharyngeal
46
Hyoid
Attached to hyoid Raise and lower larynx when swallowing
47
Pharyngeal
Constrict pharynx (throat)
48
Muscles of the Neck
Sternocephalicus Trapezius Omotransversarius Brachiocephalicus
49
Sternocephalicus
From occipital to proximal humerus
50
Trapezius
Cervical and thoracic
51
Omotransversarius
Atlas to scapula spine
52
Clavicular Intersection
Origin of Brachiocephalicus; joins cleidocephalicus and Cleidobrachialis
53
Brachiocephalicus
Cleidocephalicus and Cleidobrachialis
54
Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic limb
Pectorals Brachiocephalicus Omotransversarius Trapezius Serrated ventralis Latissimus Dorsi
55
Pectoral Muscles
Superficial and deep
56
Serratus Ventralis
Between the limb and the body wall Suspended between thoracic limbs
57
Latissimus Dorsi
O-thoracic spinous I- humerus tuberosity
58
Muscles of Respiration
Inspiration Expiration
59
Inspiration
Muscles increase size of thoracic cavity
60
Expiration
Muscles decrease the size of the thoracic cavity
61
Muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm External intercostals
62
Muscles of expiration
Internal intercostals
63
Diaphragm
Flattens when it contracts
64
Intercostal muscles
Cross each other in between the ribs
65
Neuron
Principle cell of the nervous system Body Dendrites Axon
66
Motor neuron
Carry nerve impulses to skeletal muscles
67
Motor units
One motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates Small and large
68
Neuromuscular Junction
Axon terminal of motor neuron Synapse Muscle
69
Axon terminal
Synaptic vesicles Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh)
70
Initiation of Muscle Contraction
Nerve impulse- axon terminal ACh released ACh binds to channels on sarcolemma Action potential/wave of depolarization ttubules- Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca+ released
71
Muscle contraction
Cross-bridge formation Sliding filament theory
72
Cross-bridge cycle
Myosin binds to actin Power stroke pulls actin over myosin ATP binds to myosin Myosin unbinds from actin
73
Sliding filament theory
Sarcomere shortens (z-z)
74
What happens after the muscle contraction?
Nerve impulses Acetylcholine is released into synapse Nerve impulses stop Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh in the synapse
75
Cellular respiration
Use glucose to make ATP
76
Anaerobic
Without O2; 1 glucose molecule Lactic acid and 2 ATP
77
Aerobic
With O2; 1 glucose molecule CO2, H2O and 38 ATP
78
Glucose
From blood supply Glycogen= stored glucose
79
Oxygen
From red blood cells in the blood supply Stored on myoglobin in muscle
80
Twitch
Contraction of a single muscle fiber; whole contraction cycle takes about 0.1 sec
81
All or Nothing Principle
When stimulated an individual muscle fiber either contracts completely or not at all
82
Force of contraction
Which and how many motor units stimulated
83
Neuromuscular Diseases
Some insecticides Curare (poison) Botchilysim
84
Expaxial Muscles
Located dorsal along the spine Transversospinalis Longissimus dorsi Iliocostalis
85
Intramuscular injections (IM)
In the expaxial muscles
86
Abdominal Muscles
Rectus abdominis Transversus abdominis Internal abdominal oblique External abdominal oblique
87
External abdominal oblique
Most superficial Fibers run Dorso-cranial to ventro-caudal Inserts on the linea alba
88
Internal abdominal oblique
Deep to external Fibers run ventro-cranial to Dorsi-caudal Inserts on the linea alba
89
Transverse abdominis
Deepest Fibers run dorsal to ventral Inserts on the linea alba
90
Rectus abdominis
Runs from sternum to pubis on either side of linea alba
91
Perineal Muscles
Internal anal sphincter External anal sphincter
92
Pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani Coccygeus Caudal border of pelvic cavity Muscles lie on either side of rectum
93
Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb
Deltoideus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Muscles of Brachium Muscles of antibrachium
94
Scapula to humerus
Deltoideus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Subscapularis
95
Flexes shoulder
Deltoideus Infraspinatus
96
Extends shoulder
Supraspinatus
97
Adducts limb
Subscapularis

Anatomy & Physiology (11 decks)

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