Skeletal System Flashcards

(99 cards)

1
Q

Osteology

A

Study of bones

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2
Q

Functions of bones

A

Support
Protect
Lever system for movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell formation

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3
Q

Cartilage

A

Somewhat rigid but more flexible than bone

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4
Q

Functions of cartilage

A

Model for bone growth
Smooth joint surfaces
Support

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5
Q

Tendons & ligaments

A

Dense regular connective tissue

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6
Q

Functions of Tendons & Ligaments

A

Tendons attach muscle to bone
Ligaments attach bone to bone

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7
Q

Bone shapes

A

Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone

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8
Q

Diaphysis

A

Body of the long bone

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9
Q

Epiphysis

A

Nub ends of the long bones

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10
Q

Epiphyseal plate or growth plate

A

Where cartilage becomes bone in adulthood

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11
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Middle of the long bone

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12
Q

Periosteum

A

Outside surface

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13
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines medullary cavity

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14
Q

Compact bone

A

Forms the diaphysis(shaft) of long bones and thin outer shell of all other bones

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15
Q

Haversian system/osteon

A

Tubes of bone

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16
Q

Haversian canal

A

Central canal where blood vessels connect vertically

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17
Q

Lamellae-concentric rings

A

Tree rings

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18
Q

Osteocytes

A

Holes in the bone

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19
Q

Canaliculi

A

Little vein like canals

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20
Q

Interstitial Lamella

A

Space between osteons

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21
Q

Periosteum

A

2 layers of CT; 1/3 of blood supply

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22
Q

Volkmann’s canal

A

Horizontal canal for blood supply

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23
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone

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24
Q

Trabeculae

A

Rods of bone marrow

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25
Ossification
Formation of hard bone
26
Matrix
Collagen fiber
27
Hydroxyapatite crystals
Calcium and phosperus
28
Osteocytes in lamellae
Tunnels of bone to make up the spaces
29
Two types of bone formation in fetus
Intramembranous and endochondral
30
Bone remodeling
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts
31
Calcium homeostasis
Stimulates osteoblasts- feedback loop
32
Axial skeleton
Part of the skeleton where bones attach to midline or lie along the body’s axis
33
Occipital
34
Parietal
35
Temporal
36
Frontal
37
Sphenoid
38
Ethmoid
39
Cribriform plate
40
Incisive
41
Maxilla
42
Nasal
43
Bones of the eye orbit
Zygomatic Lacrimal Frontal Palatine
44
Zygomatic arch
45
Mandible
46
Ramus
47
Shaft
48
Mandibular symphysis
49
Hyoid bone
Attached to the base of the skull, the mandible, the tongue and larynx
50
Facial shapes
Dolichocephalic(long) Mesaticephalic Brachycephalic(short)
51
Vertebral column
52
Vertebral body
53
Transverse
54
Spinous
55
Vertebral arch
56
Vertebral canal
57
Cervical section
58
Atlas
59
Axis
60
Thoracic
61
Lumbar
62
Sacral
63
Coccygeal/caudal
64
Ribs
65
Costochondral junction
66
Sternum
67
Manubrium
68
Xiphoid
69
3 types of joints
Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
70
Characteristics of synovial joints
Articular surface Joint capsule surrounding fluid filled cavity Ligaments
71
Stifle
Knee joint
72
Lateral collateral ligaments
73
Medial collateral ligaments
74
Cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments
Keeps the stifle from moving forward and backward
75
Patellar tendon; keeps the patella in place
76
Meniscus
The cartilage between the femur and the tibia
77
CCL tears
Where the stifle gets dislocated
78
Elbow
79
Carpus
80
Radial carpal
81
Ulnar carpal
82
Accessory carpal
83
Distal row
84
How many joints in the carpal?
3
85
How many joints in a horses tarsal joint?
4
86
3 types of joints
Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
87
Synovial Joints
Most common joint type; articulate surfaces
88
Movements of synovial joints
Flexion/extension Rotation Abduction/adduction Circumduction
89
Types of synovial joints
Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Gliding or rocking
90
Fibrous Joints
Sutures of the skull; splint bones
91
Fractures
Break in the bone
92
Dislocations
When the joint becomes dislodged from the attached point
93
Hip Dysplasia
When the ball is slightly out of the socket from osteoarthritis
94
Elbow Dysplasia
Ununited Anconeal Process due to osteoarthritis
95
Crucial Ligament Tear
When the stifle can move farther than it should
96
IVDD
Slipped disk
97
Angular Limb Deformity
Bow legged
98
Contracted Tendons
Stiff tendons that wont move
99
Cartilaginous
Symphyses and intervertebral disks