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PT100 Study > Chapter 8: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

a-

A

without, not, absence of

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2
Q

circum-

A

around

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3
Q

endo-

A

in, within, inner

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4
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

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5
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above

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6
Q

hypo-

A

below, beneath

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7
Q

inter-

A

between

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8
Q

intra-

A

in, within, inner

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9
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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10
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

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11
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation of bone or joint, binding, tying together

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12
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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13
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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14
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

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15
Q

-gen, -genesis, -genic, -genous

A

creating, producing

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16
Q

-ial

A

pertaining to

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17
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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18
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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19
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

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20
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

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21
Q

-plasia

A

formation, growth

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22
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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23
Q

-stomy

A

mouthlike opening

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24
Q

-tome

A

cutting instrument

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25
Q

upper airway

A

mouth, nose, sinuses, and pharynx

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26
Q

Pharynx divisions

A

nasopharynx (back of nose)

oropharynx (back of mouth)

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27
Q

nares

A

nostrils

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28
Q

Nasal septum

A

divides the nasal passages into right and left sides

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29
Q

hard palate

A

divides nasal cavity from the mouth, which sits beneath it

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30
Q

sinus cavities

A

air-filled spaces named for the facial bones within which they are located, they include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses.

decrease the weight of the skull, provide resonance for the voice, and produce mucus, which helps eliminate microorganisms while it drains into the nasal cavities.

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31
Q

aspiration

A

term that is often used to describe food or fluids being sucked into the lungs

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32
Q

Cilia

A

(tiny hairs) within the nasal cavity help filter the air by removing debris.

Cilia move in a wavelike fashion to propel debris upward.

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33
Q

epiglottis

A

acts as a doorway to the trachea and serves a vital protective function by opening to let in air and closing to keep out food and fluid.

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34
Q

trachea

A

is approximately 5 inches long and gets its shape and strength from numerous rings of cartilage.

It separates the upper and lower airways.

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35
Q

larynx

A

This structure vibrates to create sound when we talk

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36
Q

lower airway

A

bronchi and lungs

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37
Q

bronchi

A

The bronchi split off into smaller bronchi and eventually into tiny bronchioles. The composition of the bronchi changes to less cartilage and more smooth muscle when they become smaller.

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38
Q

lobes

A

the right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two.

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39
Q

pleurae

A

two thin membranes that cover the lungs

The visceral pleura lies directly on the lungs, while the parietal pleura lines the inner wall of the thorax.

interpleural refers to the specific area between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura

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40
Q

pleural fluid

A

small amount of fluid within the space between the two membranes.

While we breathe, the pleural fluid between the visceral and parietal pleurae acts as a sort of lubricant, which helps the process along while the lungs continually expand and contract.

This space is sometimes referred to as a potential space because there is nothing there other than this tiny amount of fluid.

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41
Q

recoil

A

The elastic quality that allows the lungs to expand and contract

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42
Q

alveoli

A

microscopic-sized air sacs.

approximately 300 million alveoli in each lung

walls of alveoli just one cell thick

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43
Q

capillary bed

A

delicate microscopic blood vessels that cover the alveoli
one cell thick

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44
Q

inhalation

A

also called inspiration, where alveoli expand somewhat like tiny balloons when air enters and fills them

take oxygen into our lungs

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45
Q

expiration

A

alveoli contract and partially deflate, when much of the air exits the lungs

allows body to eliminate excess CO2

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46
Q

pH scale

A

tool for measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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47
Q

healthy pH level of blood

A

slightly alkaline–within 7.35 to 7.45

buildup of CO2 in the blood causes blood to become more acidic, triggering the urge to breathe

urge to breathe triggered by lowered pH level caused by CO2 build up, not low oxygen levels

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48
Q

Diaphragm

A

thin, dome-shaped muscle that controls breathing. It separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

also increases pressure in the abdominal cavity, which aids in vomiting, urination, and defecation.

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49
Q

aer/o

A

air

aerophagia (ār-ō-FĂ-jē-ă)
eating or swallowing air

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50
Q

alveol/o

A

alveoli

alveolitis (ăl-vē-ŏ-LĪ-tĭs)
inflammation of the alveoli

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51
Q

anthrac/o

A

coal, coal dust

anthracosis (ăn-thră-KŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of coal (black lung)

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52
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus

bronchitis (brŏng-KĪ-tĭs)
inflammation of the bronchus

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53
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchus

bronchiectasis (brŏng-kē-ĔK-tă-sĭs)
dilation or expansion of the bronchus

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54
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

bronchiolitis (brŏng-kē-ō-LĪ-tĭs)
inflammation of the bronchiole

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55
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

carcinoma (kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă)
cancerous tumor

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56
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

chondroplasty (KŎN-drō-plăs-tē)
surgical repair of the cartilage

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57
Q

coni/o

A

dust

coniosis (kō-nē-Ō-sĭs)
abnormal condition caused by (inhalation of) dust

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58
Q

diaphragmat/o

A

diaphragm

diaphragmatocele (dī-ă-frăg-MĂT-ō-sĕl)
hernia of the diaphragm

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59
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

epiglottal (ĕp-ĭ-GLŎT-ăl)
pertaining to the epiglottis

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60
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

laryngitis (lăr-ĭn-JĪ-tĭs)
inflammation of the larynx

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61
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

lobectomy (lō-BĔK-tō-mē)
excision or surgical removal of a lobe

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62
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

mucoid (MŪ-koyd)
resembling mucus

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63
Q

nas/o

A

nose

nasogastric (nā-zō-GĂS-trĭk)
pertaining to the nose and stomach

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64
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

rhinitis (rī-NĪ-tĭs)
inflammation of the nose

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65
Q

or/o

A

mouth, mouthlike opening

oral (Ō-răl)
pertaining to the mouth

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66
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

stomatitis (stō-mă-TĪ-tĭs)
inflammation of the mouth

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67
Q

orth/o

A

straight

orthopnea (or-THŎP-nē-ă)
breathing in the straight position

68
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

oximeter (ŏk-SĬM-ĕ-tĕr)
measuring instrument for oxygen

69
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

anoxia (ăn-ŎK-sē-ă)
condition of no oxygen

70
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

pharyngeal (făr-ĬN-jē-ăl)
pertaining to the pharynx

71
Q

phon/o

A

sound, voice

phonograph (FŌ-nō-grăf)
recording instrument for sound or voice

72
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

pleurodynia (ploo-rō-DĬN-ē-ă)
pain of the pleura

73
Q

pnea

A

breathing

apnea (ăp-NĒ-ă)
temporary cessation of breathing

74
Q

pneum/o

A

lung, air

pneumonia (nū-MŌ-nē-ă)
condition of the lung

75
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung

pneumonectomy (nū-mŏn-ĔK-tō-mē)
excision or surgical removal of the lung

76
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

pulmonary (PŬL-mō-nĕ-rē)
pertaining to the lung

77
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus

sinusoid (SĪ-nŭs-oyd)
resembling a sinus

78
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

spirometer (spī-RŎM-ĕt-ĕr)
measuring instrument for breathing

79
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax

thoracentesis (thō-ră-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs)
surgical puncture of the thorax

80
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

tonsillitis (tŏn-sĭl-Ī-tĭs)
inflammation of the tonsil

81
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

tracheotomy (trā-kē-ŎT-ō-mē)
cutting into or incision of the trachea

82
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases

83
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacillus

84
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

85
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

86
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

87
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

88
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

89
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

90
Q

CPT

A

chest physiotherapy

91
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

92
Q

DOE

A

dyspnea on exertion

93
Q

MDI

A

metered dose inhaler

94
Q

O2

A

oxygen

95
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

96
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

97
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function test

98
Q

pH

A

potential of hydrogen (measure of acidity or alkalinity)

99
Q

PND

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

100
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative

101
Q

R

A

respiration

102
Q

RA

A

room air

103
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

104
Q

SOB

A

short(ness) of breath

105
Q

stat

A

immediately

106
Q

T&A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

107
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

108
Q

VT

A

tidal volume

109
Q

URI

A

upper-respiratory infection

110
Q

VC

A

vital capacity

111
Q

acute bronchitis

A

infection and inflammation of bronchial airways

112
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

acute, life-threatening condition of lung injury that develops secondary to some other lung trauma or disorder

113
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal membranes, caused by allergies

114
Q

asbestosis

A

respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of asbestos fibers

115
Q

asthma

A

disease marked by episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airways, resulting in wheezing, SOB, and cough

116
Q

atelectasis

A

partial collapse of the alveoli and tiny airways of the lung

117
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

a skill often taught in first-aid courses that helps restore a victim’s breathing and circulation

118
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

group of diseases in which alveolar air sacs are destroyed and chronic, severe SOB results

119
Q

coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP)

A

respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of coal dust; often called black lung or anthracosis

120
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa; the common cold

121
Q

crackles

A

abnormal crackly lung sound—like the sound of Rice Krispies—heard with a stethoscope, caused by air passing over retained secretions or by the sudden opening of collapsed airways

122
Q

croup

A

acute viral disease, usually in children, marked by a barking, “seal-like” cough and respiratory distress

123
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

fatal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections, increased airway secretions, and COPD in children

124
Q

deviated septum

A

condition in which the nasal septum is displaced to the side, causing the two nares (nasal passages) to be unequal

125
Q

emphysema

A

disorder marked by abnormal increase in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole and destruction of the alveolar walls, resulting in loss of normal elasticity and progressive dyspnea

126
Q

empyema

A

collection of infected fluid (pus) between the two pleural membranes that line the lungs

127
Q

epistaxis

A

episode of bleeding from the nose; commonly known as a nosebleed

128
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood from the respiratory tract

129
Q

hemothorax

A

condition in which blood or bloody fluid has collected within the intrapleural space, causing lung compression and respiratory distress

130
Q

histoplasmosis

A

systemic respiratory disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a fungus found in soil contaminated with bird droppings

131
Q

hypercapnia

A

chronic retention of CO2, causing symptoms of mental cloudiness and lethargy

132
Q

influenza

A

common, contagious, acute viral respiratory illness; commonly called the flu

133
Q

laryngitis

A

condition of inflammation of the larynx, evidenced by a temporary hoarseness or loss of the voice

134
Q

legionellosis

A

bacterial lung infection caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila

135
Q

nasal polyps

A

rounded tissue growths on the nasal or sinal mucosa

136
Q

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

dysfunctional breathing that occurs when the upper airway is intermittently blocked during sleep

137
Q

orthopnea

A

labored breathing that occurs when lying flat and improves when sitting up

138
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx; commonly called a sore throat

139
Q

pleural effusion

A

excess collection of fluid in the intrapleural space

140
Q

pleurisy

A

condition in which the pleurae become inflamed, causing sharp inspiratory chest pain; also called pleuritis

141
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

any disease of the respiratory tract caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of dust particles

142
Q

pneumonia

A

bacterial or viral infection of the lungs

143
Q

pneumothorax

A

condition in which air collects in the intrapleural space; categorized as open, closed, spontaneous, or tension and commonly called collapsed lung

144
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

sudden obstruction of a pulmonary blood vessel by debris, blood clots, or other matter

145
Q

pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

A

contagious infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis organism, primarily affecting the lungs but sometimes also spreading to and affecting other organ systems

146
Q

rhonchi

A

coarse, gurgling sound heard in the lungs with a stethoscope, caused by secretions in the air passages

147
Q

silicosis

A

respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of silica (quartz) dust

148
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities

149
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched upper-airway sound heard without a stethoscope, indicating airway obstruction; a medical emergency

150
Q

upper-respiratory infection (URI)

A

infection and inflammation of upper-airway structures, usually caused by a virus; often called the common cold

151
Q

wheeze

A

somewhat musical sound heard in the lungs, usually with a stethoscope, caused by partial airway obstruction (such as with asthma)

152
Q

Arterial blood gases (ABG)

A

Measurement of O2 and CO2 levels and acid-base balance (pH balance) in arterial blood

153
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of the airways of the lungs

154
Q

Chest x-ray (CXR)

A

Radiological picture of the lungs

155
Q

Mantoux test

A

Intradermal injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) just beneath the surface of the skin to identify whether the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis

156
Q

Metered dose inhaler (MDI)

A

Handheld device used to deliver medication to the patient’s lower airways

157
Q

Nebulizer

A

Device that produces a fine spray or mist to deliver medication to a patient’s deep airways

158
Q

Pleurodesis

A

Infusion of a sterile, irritating substance into the pleural space, causing the pleural linings to fuse to one another by developing scar tissue

159
Q

Postural drainage

A

Placement of the patient in various positions that facilitate drainage of secretions from the lungs, often done along with chest physiotherapy (CPT)

160
Q

Pulmonary angiography

A

Radiographic examination of pulmonary circulation after injection of a contrast dye

161
Q

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

Group of tests that provide information regarding lung capacity; sometimes called spirometry

162
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

Indirect measurement of the saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) to help determine if sufficient oxygen is being delivered to the body; the normal level in a person with healthy lungs is 96% to 99%

163
Q

Sputum analysis

A

Examination of mucus or fluid coughed up from the lungs

164
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluid from the interpleural space; also called pleurocentesis

165
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

Measurement of the volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration

166
Q
A
167
Q
A

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