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PSYC 2260 > Perception & Sensation > Flashcards

Perception & Sensation Flashcards

1
Q

What is akinetopsia?

A

can’t perceive objects in motion

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2
Q

What is the most dominant sense, how can you tell?

A

visual, more brain area is dedicated to visual info

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3
Q

Why does ventriloquism work?

A

visual sense is dominant so even though we can hear that the voice is coming from person we see the puppet talking so it overides the auditory info

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4
Q

What is the order of things that light passes though?

A

light -> cornea -> lens -> retina

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5
Q

What are the two tpyes of photoreceptors in the retina?

A

rods and cones

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of rods?

A

work well in low light, lower visual acuity, colour blind, not in fovea, in periphery

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7
Q

What are some characteristics of cones?

A

don’t work in low light, higher visual acuity, colour sensitive, in fovea, not in periphey

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8
Q

What is the blindspot?

A

where optic nerve connects to retina

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9
Q

When does the name of the optic nerves change?

A

after the optic chiasm its called the optic tract, after the LGN called optic radiations

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10
Q

What does V1 mean

A

primary visual cortex in brain

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11
Q

What is lateral inhibition? What does it cause?

A

when cells are stimulated they inhibit the activity of neighboring cells

edge enhacement

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12
Q

What is the difference between encoding and decoding?

A

encoding is our brain turning sitmulus into neural signals and decodeing is our brain deciphering the neural signals to get the stimulus

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13
Q

What are dot detectors?

A

aka center surround cells, stimulus in the center of the receptive field leads to faster firing, stimulus in surrounding area of receptive field will lead to lower than baseline firing, stimulus covering entire field are same as no stimulus

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14
Q

What effect does stimulus that covers entire receptive field of center surround cells have?

A

same effect as no stimulus

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15
Q

What are some types of receptor specializations?

A

dot detectors, orientation (edge detectors), angle detectors, movement detectors, corner detectors

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16
Q

Why do stars appear to disappear when you look directly at them?

A

the light falls on the fovea which contains only cones

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17
Q

Where is the dorsal stream located? What is another name for it?

A

parietal system, where system

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18
Q

Where is the ventral stream located? What is another name for it?

A

inferotemporal cortex, what system

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19
Q

What is the function of where system? What could damage cause?

A

connects occipital lobe to posterior parietal cortex, locates the object/space

difficulty reaching for object

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20
Q

What is the function of what system? What could damage cause?

A

connect occipital lobe to inferotemporal cortex, indetifies the object

visual agnosia

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21
Q

What are some advantages of parallel processing?

A

speed and efficiency, and mutual influence among the systems

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22
Q

What is the binding problem?

A

task of reuniting elements of a stimulus that were addressed by different systems in different brain regions

23
Q

What are some possible solutions to the binding problem?

A

spatial posititon, neural synchrony, attention

24
Q

What is spatial position?

A

stimulus from the same location (overlay map)

25
Q

What is neural synchrony?

A

attributes are registered as coming from the same object if the stimulus happens at the same time

26
Q

How does attention potential solve the binding problem?

A

top down influence is exerted, you know you are processing this object because you are paying attention to it

27
Q

What are conjunction errors?

A

when attention is overloaded when trying to process objects, combine features of different objects the wrong way

28
Q

What is demonstrated by reversible figures?

A

effects of top down influnce

29
Q

What step of perception is bottom up processing?

A

information gathering

30
Q

What step of perception is top down processing?

A

interpretation

31
Q

What is perceptual constancy?

A

we perceive constant object properties even though sensory attributes change (door close to open, looks differnt but we know its the same door)

32
Q

How does the brain acheive constancy?

A

relationship between objects stay the same, distance cues

33
Q

What are examples of distance cues?

A

binocular, monocular, motion

34
Q

What are binocular cues?

A

binocular disparity (difference between each eyes view)

35
Q

For binocular disparity what means that the object is closer?

A

the more disparity the close the object is

36
Q

What are examples of monocular cues?

A

lens adjustment, interposition, linear perspective, texture gradient

37
Q

Do motion cues use 1 or 2 eyes?

A

can be either

38
Q

What are examples of motion cues?

A

motion parallax, optic flow

39
Q

What is motion parallex?

A

things that are furthur don’t move as fast

40
Q

What is optic flow?

A

as object changes, where it is in the visual field changes

41
Q

What is apperceptive agnosia?

A

impaired perception, can perceive features but not entire objects

when drawing object from looking at them (unrecognizable), drawing from memory is good tho

42
Q

What is associative agnosia?

A

impaired recon=gnition but not perception, can copy an image but cant recognize by visual

43
Q

What is the difference between top down and bottom up processing?

A

top down is shaped by prior knowledge and bottom up is shaped by stimulus

44
Q

What are the two types of searches?

A

pop out and conjunction

45
Q

How are pop out and conjunction searches affected by sample size?

A

pop out isnt, conjunction takes longer as more objects because you are looking at multiple properites

46
Q

What factors effect word recgonition?

A

word frequency and priming, word superioirty

47
Q

What is the word superioirty effect?

A

easier to perceive and recognize letters if they appear in a word than on their own

48
Q

What is well formedness?

A

how closley a letter sequence conforms to the typical patterns of spelling in a language

49
Q

What errors can well formedness cause?

A

reading dpum as drum (reading non words as words)

50
Q

What are feature nets?

A

network of detectors organized in layers, each layer as you go up is concerned with larger scale

51
Q

What do starting activation levels depend on in feature nets?

A

recency (warm up effect), frequency (exercise effect)

52
Q

What is McClelland and Rumelhart’s Interactive Activation and Competition
model?

A

emphasizes the role of inhibitory connections among detectors

53
Q

What is Recognition by components (RBC) model?

A

applies the feature net model to recognition of three dimensional objects

PSYC 2260 (10 decks)

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