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GENETICS MIDTERMS > CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DNA > Flashcards

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DNA Flashcards

1
Q

building blocks of DNA

A

nucleotides

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2
Q

components of Nucleotides

A

Phosphate backbone (negatively charged); Pentose sugar and Nitrogenous bases ATGC - (basic)

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3
Q

Nucleosides

A

precursor of Nucleotides: sugar and nitrogenous bases

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4
Q

basic, flat aromatic rings with conjugated double bonds and multiple sites for hydrogen bonding

A

NITROGENOUS BASES

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5
Q

bases that have double rings

A

PURINE (ADENINE AND GUANINE)

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6
Q

bases that have one ring

A

PYRIMIDINE (THYMINE AND CYTOSINE)

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7
Q

heterocyclic aromatic compound; pyrimidine fused with an imidazole ring (double ring)

A

PURINES (Adenine (6-aminopurine) and Guanine (2-amino-6-oxypurine)

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8
Q

heterocyclic aromatic compound similar to benzene and pyridic(single ring)

A

PYRIMIDINE (Thymine (2,4-dioxy-5-methyl pyrimidine) , Cytosine (2-oxy-4-aminopyrimidine) and Uracil (2,4- dioxy-pyrimidine)

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9
Q

rapid introconversion of isomeric forms

A

TAUTOMERIZATION OF BASES

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Tautomerism leads to anomalous base pairing.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Formation of nucleotides

A

linked by covalent bonds, producing 2 water molecules

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12
Q

Phosphoester bond

A

phosphate and sugar

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13
Q

N-glycosidic bond

A

sugar and nitrogenous bases

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14
Q

component of the backbone of the polynucleotide together with the pentose; imparts negative charge to the DNA

A

PHOSPHATE GROUPS

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15
Q

The _____________ enable DNA to associate with proteins (e.g. histones - positively charged)

A

negative charge of phosphates

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16
Q

linear sequence of deoxyribonucleotides; two complementary strands held together by hydrogen bonds; linked together by phosphodiester linkage

A

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

17
Q

double helix; two intertwined strands antiparallel to each other

A

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

18
Q

maximizes hydrophobic interactions for greater stability

A

Major and minor grooves

19
Q

distance between two base pairs

A

3.4 A

20
Q

helix diameter; maintained by the right-pairing of bases

A

20 A

21
Q

DNA Conformations

A

A, B, Z

22
Q

shorter, compacted nucleotides

A

A- DNA

23
Q

stretched form of DNA; absence of major groove

A

Z - DNA

24
Q

typical form of DNA

A

B - DNA

25
Q

there’s a lookout in the DNA; there is a sequence in DNA that has no pair

A

HAIRPIN DNA

26
Q

It protects the DNA from enzymatic attack

A

HISTONES

27
Q

Equilibribrium of Nitrogenous bases

A

Chargaff’s Rule

28
Q

TAUTOMERIZATION OF BASES

A

Keto-enol forms of guanine
Amino-imino forms of cytosine

29
Q

Distance between two base pairs

A

3.4 A

30
Q
A
31
Q

Helix diameter

A

20 A

32
Q

Two complementary strands held together by

A

Hydrogen bonds

GENETICS MIDTERMS (9 decks)

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