DNA REPLICATION

Question 1

initiated by the binding of DNAa protein to the origin of replication

Answer 1

REPLICATION

Question 2

As the DNAa binds with DNAa binding sites, it

Answer 2

will cause the separation of a region (MELTED REGION - AT-rich region)

Question 3

segment of DNA that replicates from a single origin of replication

Answer 3

REPLICONS

Question 4

Prokaryotic replication

Answer 4

single replicon

Question 5

Eukaryotic Replication

Answer 5

multiple replicons

Question 6

the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division. It is a complex and highly regulated process involving multiple enzymes and proteins.

Answer 6

DNA REPLICATION

Question 7

DNA replication begins at specific sites in the DNA molecule called

Answer 7

origins of replication

Question 8

Attached to single strand; breaks the hydrogen bonds between base pairs, and thereby unwind the strands; this action generates positive supercoiling ahead of each replication fork

Answer 8

DNA HELICASE

Question 9

It prevents the reannealing of DNA strand

Answer 9

Single-stranded Binding Proteins

Question 10

It alleviates supercoiling by inducing cuts

Answer 10

DNA gyrase (toipoisomerase II)

Question 11

DNA Replication produces

Answer 11

two identical DNA molecules, each consisting of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand

Question 12

RNA primers are synthesized by an enzyme

Answer 12

Primase;

These primers are complementary to the DNA template and provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE

Leading strand is towards the 3’ to 5’ direction.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE

Lagging strand is away the origin of replication.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 14

Primers are typically about ————— nucleotides long.

Answer 14

10-20 NUCLEOTIDES LONG

Question 15

Main enzyme of DNA replication

Answer 15

DNA polymerase III

Question 16

It attaches to the template strand forming replisome

Answer 16

DNA pol

Question 17

DNA Synthesis on the Leading Strand:

On the leading strand, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand continuously in the

Answer 17

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 18

DNA Synthesis on the Lagging Strand:

On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand discontinuously in the form of short fragments known as

Answer 18

Okazaki fragments

Question 19

needed at the start of each Okazaki fragment to provide a 3’ end for DNA polymerase to extend

Answer 19

RNA primers

Question 20

The gaps between the newly synthesized DNA fragments on the lagging strand are sealed by an enzyme called

Answer 20

DNA ligase

Question 20

removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides on the lagging strand

Answer 20

DNA polymerase I

Question 20

DNA ligase forms __——————————————___________________________________ between adjacent nucleotides, creating a continuous strand of DNA on the lagging strand

Answer 20

phosphodiester bonds

Question 21

end product of replication

Answer 21

2 IDENTICAL DNA MOLECULES

Question 22

Binds to ter sequences and prevents the advancement of the replication fork

Answer 22

TUS

Question 23

Aid DNAa in the recruitment of DNA helicase in the origin

Answer 23

DNAc proteins

Question 24

EUKARYOTIC DNA polymerase

DNA polymerase that has an exonuclease activity

Answer 24

gamma γ
delta δ
epsilon ε

Question 25

EUKARYOTIC

synthesizes the RNA primer, initiations DNA synthesis and lagging strand

Answer 25

alpha

Question 26

EUKARYOTIC

REPAIR DNA

Answer 26

beta and epsilon

Question 27

EUKARYOTIC

Replicate mitochondrial DNA

Answer 27

GAMMA

Question 28

EUKARYOTIC

Synthesizes the leading strand, filling DNA gaps after removal of primer

Answer 28

delta

Question 29

PROKARYOTIC

Exonuclease activity from 3’ to 5’

Answer 29

DNA pol I and III

Question 30

Additional DNA repair mechanisms exist to fix any remaining mistakes such as fixing the topological state of the DNA via

Answer 30

DNA gyrase (topoisomerase 3)

Question 31

2 models of replication

Answer 31

1. Theta Model
2. Rolling Circle Model

Question 32

new DNA strand is cut, and the mispaired nucleotide and its neighbor is removed. The missing patch is replaced with correct nucleotides by a DNA polymerase.

Answer 32

MISMATCH REPAIR

Question 33

The unmatched base is removed, leaving a baseless nucleotide. The hole is filled with the right base.

Answer 33

BASE EXCISION REPAIR

Question 34

dimer is detected, and the surrounding DNA is opened to form a bubble. Enzymes cut the damaged region, and the DNA polymerase replaces the excised DNA.

Answer 34

NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR

Question 35

Contains a telomerase RNA that serves as template for telomere elongation

Answer 35

TELOMERE REPLICATION