TRANSLATION

Question 1

process by which the information stored in a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is used to synthesize a protein. It occurs in the ribosomes, which are complex cellular structures.

Answer 1

TRANSLATION

Question 2

start codon

Answer 2

AUG for Methionine

Question 3

It binds to the start codon AUG on the mRNA, carrying the amino acid, methionine.

Answer 3

INITIATOR tRNA

Question 4

The ribosome’s enzymatic activity, specifically the ———————————————————- _________________________________center in the large subunit, catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids carried by the tRNAs.

Answer 4

peptidyl transferase

Question 5

These ————————— bind to the A-site, causing the addition of a water molecule to the polypeptide chain, resulting in its release from the final tRNA.

Answer 5

RELEASE FACTORS

Question 6

When in translation does GTP or guanosine triphosphate became available?

Answer 6

In the initiation process of translation

Question 7

the process in which the sequence of codons within mRNA provides the information to synthesize the sequence of amino acids that constitute a polypeptide

Answer 7

TRANSLATION

Question 8

Start codon of translation in prokaryotes.

Answer 8

FMet or N-formlymethionine

Question 9

Start codon of Eukaryotes

Answer 9

AUG, which codes for Methionine

Question 10

Site of translation in Prokaryotes

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

Translation in Eukaryotes occurs in

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

template for translation

Answer 12

mRNA

Question 13

Three adjacent ribonucleotides in mRNA corresponding to a specific amino acid

Answer 13

CODONS

Question 14

Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon

Answer 14

DEGENERATE

Question 15

Codons do not overlap and have no spaces in between

Answer 15

CONTIGUOUS

Question 16

Each codon specify only one amino acid

Answer 16

UNAMBIGUOUS

Question 17

Causes dissociate of the large and small ribosomal subunit

Answer 17

IF1 and IF3

Question 18

where does the mRNA binds in the initiation process of Translation

Answer 18

small Ribosomal subunit (Shine-Dalgarno sequence)

Question 19

It bounds to the GTP, promotes the binding of the initiator tRNA to the start codon in the P-site.

Answer 19

IF2

Question 20

What are released in the initiation of the translation after the binding of IF2 to the GTP.

Answer 20

IF1, IF3, and GTP

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE

RF1 recognizes UAG and UAA

Answer 21

True

Question 22

RF2 recognizes UGA and UAA

Answer 22

True

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE

RF3 only assists RF1

Answer 23

FALSE, RF3 assists RF1 and RF2

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE

The Eukaryotes require a Shine-Dalgano Sequence in the initial binding of mRNA to the Ribosome

Answer 24

FALSE,
Eukaryotes: 7-methylguanosine cap: Prokaryotes: Shine-Dalgarno Sequence

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE

Elongation (translation) rate in prokaryotes took 15-20 amino acids per second, while eukaryotes took only 2-6 amino acids per second

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

UAA, UGA, UAG are

Answer 26

STOP CODONS