Abdominal Exploratory Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

The use of sedatives and tranquilizers may cause the animal to go down. Why would this be non-ideal and why are standing procedures better for ruminants?

A
  • If laid down, they cannot eructate, which is super important for ruminants.
  • if laid down, they can develop compartment syndrome
  • if laid down, they can develop nerve damage
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2
Q

After clipping the hair, describe the scrub surgical prep for an abdominal exploratory.

A
  1. scrub with dish soap in no specific pattern – rids debris and hair
  2. apply iodine in a linear up and down pattern over the intended incision area. repeat x3
  3. wipe with alcohol wipes from top to bottom over incision area. turn gauze over and repeat top to bottom laterally; get new gauze repeat on opposite side.
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3
Q

what does the paralumbar fossa local block anesthetize?

A

last thoracic, 1st, and 2nd lumbar nerves. (T13, L1, L2)

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4
Q

Which blocks is described below:

using 1.5-2 inch needle, 20 mL of lidocaine is injected above and below the tip of the transverse process of L1, L2, and L4

A

distal paravertebral block

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5
Q

Which blocks is described below:

Using 1.5-2 inch needle, 20 mL of lidocaine is injected just caudal to the last rib and under the transverse process of lumbar vertebrae.

A

inverted L PLF block (left)
or
7 PLF block (right)

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6
Q

When performing an abdominal exploratory, what order should you examine the abdomen?

A

caudal abdomen FIRST, then cranial abdomen

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7
Q

what types of surgeries are done on the RIGHT side? (2 general)

A

intestinal surgeries
cecal surgeries

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8
Q

what types of surgeries are performed from the LEFT side? (2 general)

A
  1. rumenotomy
  2. c-section
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9
Q

For a L or R paralumbar ceoliotomy, where do you make your incision?

A

in the CENTER of the PLF, 6-8 cm BELOW the transverse processes and 4-6 cm CAUDAL to the last rib.
You should go through skin, EAO, IAO, TA, and peritoneum

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9
Q

What surgical approach is taken for abomasal displacement?

A

right paramedian celiotomy

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10
Q

Which of the following statements about a right paramedian celiotomy is FALSE?
A. cow is placed on her back
B. incision is made 4-6 cm lateral to midline and 6-8 cm caudal to xiphoid
C. the incision is 10 cm long
D. you penetrate skin, external sheath of RA, RA muscle, and internal sheath of RA

A

C. the incision is 10 cm long

the incision is 15-20 cm

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11
Q

which approaches are used for c-sections?

A
  1. ventrolateral celiotomy
  2. ventral midline celiotomy
  3. left oblique celiotomy
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12
Q

T/F: the incision for a ventrolateral celiotomy is lateral to the milk vein and extends dorsally

A

true

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13
Q

what layers do you need to go through when performing a ventral midline celiotomy in pigs and horses?

A

skin and linea alba

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14
Q

what can be felt in an exploratory surgery done with a right paralumbar approach?

A
  1. caudal abdomen
  2. reproductive tract
  3. bladder
  4. left kidney
  5. descending colon
  6. once behind omental sling – rumen and spleen
  7. reticulum
  8. omasum (caudal and medial to reticulum, head of cabbage)
  9. liver (right lobe, rounded)
  10. abomasum (fluid consistency at body, feel rugae, doughy at pyloric region)
  11. duodenum (leaves pylorus going toward liver)
  12. right kidney (under last 2 ribs dorsally
  13. pull omental sling forward and feel cecum (near pelvic inlet), spiral colon, ileum, jejunum, rectum, and descending colon
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