Altruism Flashcards
What are the 3 reasons for helping others?
social exchange, social norms (Reciprocity and Social-responsibility norm), and to aid survival
What is social exchange?
A theory which suggests that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs
What is the reciprocity norm? What do they help define?
To those who help us, we should return help, not harm
they help define social capital
What is Social responsibility?
an expectation that people will help those dependent on them
What is the level of Social Norms, and how does it explain Altruism?
Theory: Social norms
Level of Explaination: Sociological
Mutal Altruism: Reciprocity norm
Intrinsic Altriuism: Social-responsibility norm
What is the level of Social exchange, and how does it explain Altruism?
Theory: Social exchange
Level of Explaination: psychological
Mutal Altruism: External rewards for helping
Intrinsic Altriuism: Distress → inner rewards for helping
What is the level of Evolutionary, and how does it explain Altruism?
Theory: Evolutionary
Level of Explaination: biological
Mutal Altruism: Reciprocity
Intrinsic Altriuism: Kin selection
What is Kin selection?
favouritism toward those who share our genes
What 4 conditions influence whether we help or not?
When there are few bystanders
When we observe someone else helping
When we are not in a hurry
When the person needing help is similar to us
How does viewing distress impact our emotions, motive, and behaviour?
Viewing distress:
We become distressed, we have an egoistic motivation to reduce own distress, and our behaviour (possibly helping) is to achieve reduction of own distress
or
We become empathic, we have an altruistic motivation to reduce other’s distress, and our behaviour (helping) is to achieve reduction of other’s distress
What is emapthy?
sympathy and compassion for other
NIA
What is the 3 decisions in the LATANÉ and DARLEY’S DECISION TREE?
Notice the incident?
Interpret as emergence?
Assume responsibility?
What is the illusion of transparency
a tendency to overestimate
others’ ability to “read” our internal states
What is pluralistic ignorance
the assumption that others are thinking and feeling what we are
What factors increase the chance we will help?
few bystanders, we see someone helping, when we are not in a rush, and we the person needing help is similar to us
