Week 12: Prejudice Flashcards

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1
Q

What is prejudice?

A

A negative prejudgment of a group and its individual members

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2
Q

What is a stereotype?

A

a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people

can be positive or negative

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3
Q

What is Discrimination?

A

unjustifiable negative behaviour toward a group or its members

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4
Q

What are the 3 big sources of prejudice?

SMC

A
  1. Social sources - social inequalities, socialization
  2. Motivational sources - frustration & aggression, social identity theory
  3. Cognitive sources - categorization, distinctiveness
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5
Q

How does social inequalities influence prejudice?

A
  • Justifying “status quo” - unequal status breeds prejudice
  • Social dominance orientation
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6
Q

What is Social dominance orientation?

A

Social dominance orientation - motivation to have one’s group be dominant over other social groups

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7
Q

How does socialization influence prejudice?

A
  • Authoritarian personality - teaches next gen the beliefs
  • Ethnocentrism
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8
Q

What is an Authoritarian personality?

A

Authoritarian personality - disposed to favour obedience to authority and intolerance of out-groups and lower status groups

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9
Q

What is Ethnocentrism?

A

Ethnocentrism - belief in superiority of one’s own ethnic and cultural group, and having corresponding disdain for other groups

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10
Q

How does Frustration (and aggression) influence prejudice?

A
  • Prejudice towards others due to “displaced aggression”
  • Realistic group conflict theory - prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources
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11
Q

How does social identity theory influence prejudice?

A
  • We identify: We associate ourselves with certain groups (our in-groups) and gain self-esteem by doing so.
  • We compare: We contrast our groups with other groups (out-groups), with a favourable bias toward our own groups.
  • we have in-group bias
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12
Q

When is in-group bias heightened?

A

when group is small and lower in status, relative to out-group

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13
Q

What is infrahumanization?

A

in-group denying human attributes to out-group members

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14
Q

How does categorization influence prejudice?

A

Spontaneous categorization provides a foundation for prejudice
* reliant on stereotypes

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15
Q

When are we most reliant on stereotypes?

A
  • tight on time
  • preoccupied
  • tired
  • emotionally aroused
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16
Q

What is the Out-group homogeneity effect?

A

perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members

17
Q

What is the Own-race bias?

A

tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race

18
Q

How does distincitiveness influence prejudice?

A

Distinctiveness feeds self-consciousness
* greater sensitivity to how being perceived
* in turn, perceptions of others are misinterpreted
* e.g., Kleck & Strenta (1980): “disfigured” woman experiment

Vivid cases - i.e. using shortcuts if an individual has limited experience

19
Q

What is Group-serving bias?

A

dismissing out-group members’ positive behaviours; attributing negative behaviours to dispositions (while excusing such behaviour by own in-group)

20
Q

What are the 4 consequences of prejudice?

A
  • Self-perpetuating prejudgments
  • self-fulfilling prophecy
  • Stereotype threat
  • Biasing judgments of individuals
21
Q

What are Self-perpetuating prejudgments

A
  • Prejudgments guide our attention and memories
  • Prejudice involves preconceived judgments
  • Prejudgments are inevitable
  • Prejudgments are self-perpetuating - Subtyping. Helps maintain stereotypes
22
Q

What is Subtyping?

A

Subtyping - putting people who deviate into a different class of people

23
Q

What is a stereotype threat?

A

A disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

24
Q

How does stereotype threat undermine performance? 3 ways

A

Increasing stress
Increasing self-monitoring
Suppressing unwanted thoughts and emotions

25
Q

How are judgments biased? 3 ways

A
  • Strong stereotypes affect our judgments of individuals
  • Stereotypes bias our interpretations of events.
  • When our stereotypes are violated, we evaluate others more extremely