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d1 fall histology > 11/6: Oral Cavity > Flashcards

11/6: Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oral cavity bounded by superiorly?

A

Hard and Soft palate

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2
Q

What is the oral cavity bounded by inferiorly?

A

Tongue and floor of mouth

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3
Q

What is the oral cavity bounded by anterior and lateral?

A

Teeth (dental arcade)

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4
Q

What is the oral cavity bounded by posterior?

A

Oropharynx

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5
Q

What is the area enclosed between lips and teeth?

A

Vestibule

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6
Q

What is the transitional zone between external haired skin and internal oral mucosa?

A

Vermillion border

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7
Q

What type of epidermis is the vermillion border?

A

Highly vascular dermis
Thin, overlying keratinized epidermis

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8
Q

What do lips lack?

A

Sweat and sebaceous glands

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9
Q

Why are the lips highly sensitive?

A

Rich sensory innervation

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10
Q

What is the oral cavity repsonsible for?

A

Ingestion, fragmentation, and moistening of food

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11
Q

What involves cutting, chewing, and grinding of food by occlusal surfaces of teeth?

A

Mastication

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12
Q

What is the bolus for swallowing (deglutition) assisted by?

A

Lips, tongue, and salivary gland

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13
Q

What is also involved in speech, facial expression, sensory perception and respiration?

A

Oral cavity

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14
Q

The anterior 2/3s of the tongue consists of a core mass of skeletal muscle oriented in 3 directions:

A

longitudinal
transverse
oblique

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15
Q

What does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue display aggregations of?

A

Lymphatic tissue, the lingual tonsils

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16
Q

What is the dorsal surface of the tongue covered by?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium supported by a lamina propria associated with the muscle core of the tongue

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17
Q

What is the lining mucosa epithelium?

A

Non-keratinized mucosa

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18
Q

Where is the lining mucosa found?

A

Inner cheeks, floor of mouth, ventral surface of tongue and soft palate

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19
Q

What does the lining mucosa lack?

A

Stratum corneum

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20
Q

Where is the masticatory mucosa present?

A

In areas of high abrasion (gingiva (gums) and hard palate)

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21
Q

What kind of epithelium does the masticatory mucosa have?

A

Keratinized or parakeratinized (cells of stratum corneum do not lose nuclei)

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22
Q

What glands extend across the lamina propria and the muscle?

A

Serous and mucous glands

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23
Q

What do serous and mucus gland ducts open into?

A

Crypts and furrows of the lingual tonsils and circumvallate papillae

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24
Q

The dorsal surface of the tongue contains numerous mucosal projections called?

A

Lingual papillae

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25
Q

What is each lingual papilla formed by?

A

Highly vascular connective tissue core

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26
Q

What is the lingual papilla covered by?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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27
Q

What can lingual papillae be divided into?

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallate

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28
Q

Which type of lingual papillae is most numerus?

A

Filliform

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29
Q

What is filliform papilllae made of?

A

Keratinized, short bristles, distributed in parallel rows

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30
Q

What does filiform papillae lack?

A

Taste buds; primarily tactile

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31
Q

What kind of epithelium does fungiform papillae have?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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32
Q

Where are circumvallate papillae located?

A

Posterior part of the tongue, aligned in front of the sulcus terminalis

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33
Q

What does the circumvallate papilla occupy?

A

A recess in the mucosa, and is surrounded by a circular furrow or trench

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34
Q

What glands are associated with foliate and circumvallate papilla?

A

Serous glands or ebner’s glands

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35
Q

What do ebner’s glands open into?

A

Floor of circular furrows

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36
Q

What do Von Ebner’s glands secrete?

A

Lingual lipase and VEGP (von Ebner’s gland protein)

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37
Q

What does VEGP undertake?

A

Selective binding of sapid (flavorful) chemicals and their transport to taste receptors

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38
Q

What do ducts of serous glands (von ebner’s) empty into?

A

Moat

39
Q

What do secretions do?

A

Flush area and suspend tastant particles

40
Q

What do ducts of serous glands (Von Ebner gland) produce?

A

Von ebner gland protein (VEGP, ebnerin) that binds to taste-producing molecules. Concentrate and transport

41
Q

What contain several taste buds?

A

Sides of circumvallate papilla
Facing wall of furrow

42
Q

What does each taste bud consist of?

A

50-150 cells w/ narrow apical ends extending into a taste pore

43
Q

What are the three cell components of a taste bud?

A
  1. taste receptor cells
  2. supporting cells (or immature taste cells)
  3. precursor cells (basal cells)
44
Q

Where are ovoid chemoreceptors found in?

A

Fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae
and on soft palate, posterior pharynx and epiglottis

45
Q

What do precursor cells give rise to?

A

Supporting cells (or immature taste cells)

46
Q

What do supporting cells (or immature taste cells) become?

A

Mature taste receptor cells

47
Q

What does the basal portion of taste receptors cells make contact with?

A

An afferent nerve terminal derived from neurons in the sensory ganglia

48
Q

What are the 4 classic taste sensations?

A

Sweet
Sour
Bitter
Salty

49
Q

What is the fifth taste?

A

Umami (the taste of menosodium glutamate)

50
Q

What are examples of bitter tastants?

A

Varied compounds with no common molecule structure
ex: caffeine, morphine, nicotine

51
Q

What receptor is umami linked to?

A

Specialized receptor for L-glutamate and other amino acids

52
Q

The distribution of umami receptors is ________

A

Unknown

53
Q

Where is glutamate found?

A

Naturally in meats, cheeses, several cegetables

54
Q

What do glutamate signalds cause?

A

Intake of proteinious foods

55
Q

What is used as a flavor enhancer?

A

Monosodium glutamate (MSG)

56
Q

Each taste bud can discern _____ tastes, but appear to concentrate on ______ of the five

A

5; 2

57
Q

What do taste buds on the palate register?

A

Bitter and sour

58
Q

What do posterior pharynx and epiglottis register?

A

All 5 taste buds

59
Q

What protein receptor specifically responds to the flavor of fat?

A

CD 36

60
Q

What does CD36 also funciton as?

A

Facilitate the uptake of fatty acids (mice release fat-digesting enzymes and increase intestinal fat absorption when they taste fat)

61
Q

What does altered CD36 protein cause?

A

Decrease (in mice) the desire for fatty foods

62
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation inhibit?

A

Aqueous secretion

63
Q

What is aqueous secretion?

A

Thick, viscous saliva, rich in protein (e.g., mucus)

64
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation secrete?

A

Copious, watery saliva

65
Q

What does saliva contain?

A

Watr, glycoproteins (e.g., mucus) and proteins

66
Q

What specifics are found in saliva?

A

Enzymes - amylase, converts starch to sugar
Lysozyme
Antibacteria compounds
Ab’s - salivary IgA
High in K, low Na, high bicarbonate (HCO3-)

67
Q

What is the avg saliva production in humans?

A

~600-1500 ml/day

68
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • Moistens oral mucosa & dry food
  • Provides carrier medium for sense of taste
  • Buffering via high bicarbonate content
  • Digestion of carbohydrates via amylase
  • Immunologic function—secretion of salivary IgA
  • Control of bacterial flora
69
Q

What do proteins in saliva cover teeth with?

A

Acquired pellicle

70
Q

What does the pellicle function as?

A

semipermeable network of adsorbed salivary macromolecules

71
Q

What provides partial protection against acidic changes?

A

Pellicle

72
Q

What cannot completely prevent deminerlization of the tooth surface?

A

Pellicle

73
Q

What does the pellicle have that prevents tooth decay?

A

Antibodies

74
Q

What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

75
Q

What is the largest gland, located on the cheeks?

A

Parotid - almost compltely serous

76
Q

What does the parotid duct (stenson’s duct) open within?

A

Vestibule, opposite upper 2nd molarW

77
Q

Where is the submandibular gland located?

A

Inferior and medial to ramus of mandible

78
Q

What does the submandibular gland contain?

A

Serous and mucus glands

79
Q

Where is the sublingual gland located?

A

Below tongue

80
Q

What does the sublingual gland contain?

A

Mostly mucus

81
Q

What is scattered throughout the oral mucosa?

A

Smaller, accessory glands (lingual, labial, buccal, molar, and palatine)

82
Q

What is the compound (branched gands) secretory unit?

A

Acinus

83
Q

What do myoepithelial cells surround?

A

Acini

84
Q

What does acini contraction aid in?

A

Secrtion of saliva into ducts

85
Q

Acini are ______ or ______

A

Serous; mucous

86
Q

What are serous acini of mixed glands?

A

Demilunes

87
Q

What are intercalated ducts lined by?

A

SImple cuboidal epithelium (secrete HCO3, resorb Cl)

88
Q

What epithelium are larger striated ducts?

A

Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

89
Q

What do striated ducts possess?

A

Basal striations, due to folding of plasma membrane

90
Q

What is the function of striated/intercalated ducts?

A

Intercalated -
Secrete: HCO3
Resorb: Cl
Straited -
Secrete: IgA, lysozyme, K
Resorb: Na

91
Q

Where do salivary glands empty into?

A

Larger excretory ducts

92
Q

What epithelium are in excretory ducts?

A

Stratified cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium

93
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles (4 pair)?

A
  1. superior longitudinal
  2. inferior longitudinal
  3. transversus linguae
  4. verticalis linguae
94
Q

What is it called when we have stones in our submandibular or parotid ducts?

A

Sialolith

d1 fall histology (20 decks)

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