Chapter Seven

Question 1

Motor Development (in childhood)

Answer 1

Fine motor skills increase due to myelination in the central nervous system

Question 2

Gross motor skills

Answer 2

Boys usually outperform girls in gross motor skills, such as walking, running, and jumping

Question 3

Fine motor skills

Answer 3

Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills, such as reaching, grabbing, and intricate movements with the hand involving hand eye coordination

Question 4

Learning Disabilities

Answer 4

Difficulty involving
1. Understanding or using spoken or written language
2. Listening, thinking, reading, writing, and spelling

Question 5

Dyslexia

Answer 5

Severe impairment in the ability to read and spell

Question 6

Dysgraphia

Answer 6

Difficulty in handwriting

Question 7

Dyscalculia

Answer 7

Developmental arithmetic disorder

Question 8

Adhd

Answer 8

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness

Question 9

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 9

Ranges from Asperger syndrome to Autistic disorder

Question 10

Intellectual Disabilities

Answer 10

1. Organic Intellectual Disability
2. Cultural/ Familial Intellectual Disability

Question 11

Iq cutoff for Intellectual Disabilities

Answer 11

70

Question 12

Nature vs Nurture in Intellectual Disabilities

Question 13

Criteria for gifted children

Answer 13

1. precocity: things come earlier and easier
2. they march to their own drum (scaffolding)
3. have passion to master information (self motivated)
4. have high information processing skills (they learn faster)

Question 14

Piagets Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 14

Adolescents can perform concrete operations and reason logically as applied to specific or concrete examples, but still struggle with the abstract (ages 7-11)

Question 15

Classification

Answer 15

The ability to sort like things
EX: bacon, ham, and pork are all meat

Question 16

Seriation

Answer 16

The ability to order stimuli along quantitative dimension (put things in logical order)

Question 17

Transitivity

Answer 17

Ability to logically combine relations to understand conclusions (order of operations)
EX: in math,
3+7=10 so 10-7=3

Question 18

Metacognition and Executive Function

Answer 18

Thinking about thinking

Question 19

Binet test

Answer 19

Test to determine IQ

Question 20

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 20

Mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100

Question 21

Cognitive development for academic success

Answer 21

1. Self control
2. Working memory
3. Flexibility

Question 22

Intelligence

Answer 22

Ability to solve problems, learn from experience, and adapt

Question 23

Organic Disability

Answer 23

Intellectual Disability caused by a genetic disorder or brain damage
EX: Down’s Syndrome

Question 24

Cultural/ Familial Intellectual Disability

Answer 24

Intellectual Disability caused by development in a below average intellectually stimulating environment
EX: Jeanie, the girl who was abused by being trapped in a closet her entire childhood

Question 25

Causes of Adhd

Answer 25

1. Genetics
2. Brain damage during prenatal or postnatal development
3. Cigarette or alcohol exposure during prenatal development
4. Low birth weight

Question 26

Asperger Syndrome

Answer 26

A milder form of ASD, associated with good verbal language skills, and a restricted range of interests and relationships

Question 27

Autistic Disorder

Answer 27

More severe side of ASD associated with social deficiencies, abnormalities in communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior