Chapter Fifteen

Question 1

Centenarians

Answer 1

Individuals who live past 100 years
-Highly associated with low stress levels and long telomeres

Question 2

Super Centenarians

Answer 2

Individuals who life past 110 years

Question 3

Cellular Clock Theory

Answer 3

Cells can divide a max of around 75-80 times, so age makes cells less capable of dividing

Question 4

Telomeres

Answer 4

DNA sequences that cap chromosomes will become shorter

Question 5

Lifespan

Answer 5

Oldest possible age members of a species can obtain
-120 to 125

Question 6

Longevity

Answer 6

Genes seem to bestow an inherent maximum lifespan

Question 7

Lifespan Average

Answer 7

The age assigned at birth in which people born in the same year will be half alive still and half dead
-indicates the number of years a newborn would live if mortality rates stay the same throughout their life

Question 8

Lifespan Average Indicates

Answer 8

The number of years a newborn would live if mortality rates stay the same throughout their life

Question 9

Biological lifespan

Answer 9

Women live longer than men
-Except in cultures where women are treated worse than men (often countries with less healthcare)

Question 10

Signs of biological aging

Answer 10

1. Vision: only 10% of late adults can see well without glasses
2. Hearing: By 90, most men and half of women are fully deaf
3. Bones: Fragile and don’t heal easily

Question 11

Osteoperosis

Answer 11

Cells that reabsorb bone outnumber cells that build bone

Question 12

Maintaining health

Answer 12

1. Strength training 2+ days a week
2. Aerobic activity 2h 30 min a week
   -linked to higher cognition, longevity, reduced falls (better balance)

Question 13

Cognitive Functions- Losses

Answer 13

1. Executive functioning
2. Base decisions on past experience

Question 14

Executive functioning

Answer 14

Managing ones thoughts to engage in goal directed behavior and self control
-selective attention
-strategic judgement

Question 15

Cognitive Functions- Gains

Answer 15

Wisdom: Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgement about important matters
-very rare
-personality seems to shape wisdom more than chronological age

Question 16

Neurocognitive Disorders

Answer 16

Impairments of intellectual functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease
-only 14% of the population

Question 17

Dementia

Answer 17

Global term for neurological disorders
-includes Alzheimers

Question 18

Alzheimers Disease

Answer 18

Progressive, Irreversible brain damage characterized by deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning

Question 19

Alzheimers Statustics

Answer 19

-5.4 million in the U.S.
-Women are more likely to have it (they live longer)
-Formation of amyloid plaques (defense deposits of protein that accumulate in blood vessels) and neurofibrillary tangles (twisted fibers that build up in neurons
-brain mass actually diminishes