Fluid therapy Flashcards

1
Q

what are 4 reasons/goals to administer fluids to cows?

A
  1. correct dehydration of animal
  2. correct dehydration of rumen
  3. as a carrier for medications
  4. to stimulate appetite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are dehydrated cows usually acidotic or alkalotic?

A

alkalotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how can we measure hydration status in cattle?

A
  1. eyes – if sunken = >7% dehydration
  2. skin tent (of neck or upper/lower lids)- for every second skin stays tented = 1% dehydration (remember if neck is turned towards you, skin will be LOOSER and this will falsely elevate level of dehydration; opposite it true)
  3. paralumbar fossa (if empty –> dehydrated)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does an empty paralumbar fossa indicate?

A

off feed or dehydration

if a dairy cow is off feed, there are at least 5% dehydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do we calculate a fluid deficit?

A

body wt (kg) x % dehydration
= fluid deficit in LITERS

if you calculate using pounds, then the fluid deficit will be in PINTS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Calculate the fluid deficit for the following scenario:
1400 lb cow
8% dehydrated

A

1400 lbs x 0.08 = 112 pints
112 / 2.2 = 50 liters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

For what % dehydration are the following routes of fluid administration indicated?
A. oral fluids
B. IV + oral fluids

A

Do oral fluids if <8% dehydrated
Do IV + oral if >8% dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do we deliver oral fluids in cattle?

A

Cattle pump system (CPS)
Tube placed 1/3 down esophagus
Fluids are pumped in; pumps 1 int per pull on the way up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why can oral fluid delivery be dangerous?

A

If the tube is not in the correct location, you can pump fluids into their lungs and kill them.

Also, you can pump faster than the cow can swallow which will result in regurg, aspiration, and death.

Know where you placed the tube (palpate it within the esophagus) and do NOT pump too fast (5-10 seconds on the upstroke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What all is included in an oral drench?

A

Warm water (0.5-0.75 gal/100# BW)
1. calcium
2. propylene, glycol, or proprionate (glucose precursors)
3. KCl (replace K losses)
4. Alfalfa meal (bacterial growth substrate)
5. Salt (replace NaCl losses)
6. lactobacillus (repopulate rumen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what would be an indication to be extremely careful with oral fluid therapy?

A

A scenario with any sort of abdominal/rumen distention (bloat, HBS, etc.)

The distention limits the amt of oral fluids you can administer because you do not want to further increase abdominal distention. This could cause problems with respiration and death.
You can get the gas off first, then give fluids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What supplies do you need for IV fluid administration in cattle?

A

If < 1 liter, use 14g, 2” needle

if > 1 liter, use 14g 2” catheter

if longterm placement, use 14g, 3.25” catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____________ saline is an economical way to rehydrate moderate-to-severely dehydrated ruminants.

A

hypertonic saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: The maximum amount of hypertonic saline you can safely deliver is 1-2 mL/kg. If any higher, you risk thrombophlebitis and hypervolemia.

A

false – the dose is 2-3 mL/lb
you must give enough in order to establish a gradient. Giving one bottle is a waste of time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F: you need to follow hypertonic saline with oral fluids or have the cow drink

A

true

but you do not need to follow with isotonic IV fluids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How fast can you administer hypertonic saline?

A

as fast as you can get it through a 14g needle or catheter.

17
Q

in what 2 scenarios is hypertonic saline contraindicated?

A
  1. Salt intoxication
  2. anemia (anaplasmosis, theileria, ulcers, etc.)
18
Q

Why are isotonic solutions not commonly used in the field?

A

they are used in valuable animals, severely dehydrated animals, or animals that have on-going losses.

19
Q

what is in a ‘homemade ringers’ solution?

A

18L deer park water
140g NaCl
90g KCl
10g CaCl

20
Q

what is the maximum rate you can give a homemade ringers solution?

A

20 L per hr

21
Q

T/F: it is important to replace 100% of the fluid deficit so that it does not return soon after

A

false – rarely replace it 100%.
The goal is to get the cow 1/2 way there and she must do the rest herself.

22
Q

what condition is the indication for 90% of fluid therapy in calves?

A

scours

23
Q

Are scouring calves acidotic or alkalotic?

A

acidotic

24
Q

What 5 things kills scouring calves?

A
  1. dehydration (#1)
  2. acid-base imbalances
  3. electrolyte imbalances
  4. septicemia
  5. hypoglycemia
25
Q

When is oral fluid therapy indicated for calves?

A

calf still drinking, but slowly
calves without abdominal distention