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pharm unit 5 > Urinary/Renal > Flashcards

Urinary/Renal Flashcards

1
Q

five functions of the kidney

A

Blood filtration, reabsorption, secretion
Fluid balance regulation
Blood pressure via fluid balances
Acid/base balance regulation through electrolytes
Hormone production (erythropoietin)

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2
Q

two hormones responsible for fluid balance regulation

A

ADH (anti diuretic hormone)
Aldosterone

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3
Q

The rate at which plasma is filtered as it goes through the glomerulus

A

glomerular filtration rate

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4
Q

Normally, about _____ of the plasma is removed from circulation every minute

A

25%

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5
Q

ADH (anti diuretic hormone) is released by the ______ ______ and acts on the _____ ______ _____, causing _____ water reabsorbtion

A

pituitary gland
distal convoluted tubule
more

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6
Q

helps regulate your blood pressure by managing the levels of sodium (salt) and potassium in your blood and impacting blood volume

A

aldosterone

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7
Q

Many drugs must be used with caution or at ______ ______ for patients with renal insufficiency.

A

modified doses

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8
Q

three uses of osmotic diuretics

A

decrease IOP
reduce cerebral edema
ascites

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9
Q

______ diuretics have a longer duration than loop diuretics

A

thiazide

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10
Q

two uses for thiazide diuretics

A

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
hypertension in dogs

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11
Q

potassium sparing diuretics work by antagonizing _______

A

aldosterone

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12
Q

what diuretic should be avoided in addison’s patients

A

potassium sparing diurects

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13
Q

two indications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics

A

Reduce IOP (Glaucoma-open angle)
Metabolic alkalosis

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14
Q

what do cholinergic agonist/parasympathomimetic drugs mimic

A

acetylcholine

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15
Q

two urinary indications for cholinergic agonist/parasympathomimetic drugs

A

Used to improve bladder tone
Correct bladder atony which is common following obstruction

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16
Q

lack of normal tone or tension

A

atony

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17
Q

adverse effect of anticholinergic/parasympatholytic drugs

A

decreased gastric motility

18
Q

two uses of adrenergic antagonists/alpha adrenergic antagonist (alpha blockers) for urinary issues

A

Reduce urethra sphincter tone—relax and PEEE!!!!
Mild hypertension (Vasodilation) associated with chronic renal failure

19
Q

what do adrenergic antagonists/beta adrenergic antagonist (beta blockers) block

A

catecholamines

20
Q

what do ACE inhibitors reduce

A

vasoconstriction

21
Q

two uses for ACE inhibitors

A

Used to treat hypertension (Chronic renal failure)
Protein losing glomerulonephritis

22
Q

inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus)

A

glomerulonephritis

23
Q

what are calcium channel blockers/vasodilators used for

A

hypertension due to chronic renal failure

24
Q

what is ADH (Vasopressin) used to treat

A

Treats diabetes insipidus PU/PD without hyperglycemia

25
Q

used to dissolve crystals and stones resulting from alkaline urine.

A

urinary acidifiers

26
Q

why are urinary acidifiers no longer used

A

because we have pH modifying urinary diets

27
Q

urinary acidifiers are not used for what

A

kidney/liver disease

28
Q

used to prevent Ammonium acid urate, calcium oxalate, and cystine uroliths

A

urinary alkalizers

29
Q

used to prevent uric acid (gout)

A

Xanthine Oxidase inhibitors

30
Q

three causes for urinary incontinence

A

neurogenic (nervous system)
non neurogenic (physical, hormonal, etc)
behavioral

31
Q

which urinary incontinence drug is risky and estrogen based

A

Diethylstilbestrol

32
Q

which urinary incontinence drug is safe

A

Phenylpropanolamine

33
Q

Phenylpropanolamine works on _____ muscle

A

smooth

34
Q

urinary tract analgesic drug

A

Phenazopyradine

35
Q

do not use Phenazopyradine in what species

A

cats

36
Q

what are tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline) used for

A

FLUTD cats

37
Q

what does FLUTD mean

A

Feline lower urinary tract disease

38
Q

Lubricate lining of bladder and urethra – crystals and bacteria do not adhere

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

39
Q

reinforce GAGs effect

A

Pentosan Polysulfated Sodium

40
Q

Phosphate binder in intestinal tract

A

epakitin

41
Q

reduces azotemia - “enteric dialysis”

A

azodyl

42
Q

uses dietary supplements to bind or transform certain molecules so they no longer pass through the gut lining

A

enteric dialysis

pharm unit 5 (22 decks)

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