MODULE 3 MUSCULOSKELETAL Flashcards
Describe 4 functions of skeletal muscles
Movement
Posture Maintenance
Joint Stability
Heat Generation
Organ Protection
What is the name given to the thin fibrous cartilage between the surfaces of some joints that serve to disperse friction?
articular cartilage
What type of joint is found between bones that move against each other?
Synovial joint
True or False: Synarthroses are freely moving joints?
False.
What is the name given to the following types of fractures:
- Single break maintain alignment and position
- Skull fracture and pushed into the brain
- Multiple fractures in a bone with many bone fragments
- One end of a bone forced into an adjacent bone
- A bone has fractured with little to no external force applied
- Deformity of the lower leg with an obvious wound in the skin
Single break maintain alignment and position: Simple or closed fracture.
Skull fracture and pushed into the brain: Depressed fracture.
Multiple fractures in a bone with many bone fragments: Comminuted fracture.
One end of a bone forced into an adjacent bone: Impacted fracture.
A bone has fractured with little to no external force applied: Pathological fracture.
Deformity of the lower leg with an obvious wound in the skin: Compound or open fracture.
Describe the complications that may occur throughout the healing process of a fracture.
- Infection: Risk of infection at the fracture site.
- Delayed Healing: Factors like age, nutrition, and blood supply can affect healing time.
- Non-union: Failure of the bone ends to heal.
- Malunion: Healing in a position that impairs function.
Describe the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome and provide 3 causes for this condition.
Compartment syndrome is a condition where increased pressure within a muscle compartment impairs blood supply, leading to tissue damage.
Causes: Trauma, fractures, crush injuries.
What is the name given to the surgical procedure that is often required in acute compartment syndrome?
Fasciotomy is often required in acute compartment syndrome, involving the surgical release of the fascia to relieve pressure.
Describe the clinical presentation of a dislocated joint.
Pain, swelling, loss of joint function, and a visible deformity.
What is the name of the condition where bones become thin, weak and fragile, such that even a minor bump or accident can cause a broken bone.
Osteoporosis
Provide a brief definition of the following conditions:
- Rickets
- Paget’s disease
- Osteomyelitis
- Kyphosis
Rickets: Softening and weakening of bones in children, usually due to vitamin D deficiency.
Paget’s Disease: Excessive bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and deformed bones.
Osteomyelitis: Infection of the bone.
Kyphosis: Excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing a hunchback appearance.
True or False: Most primary sarcomas are not usually malignant?
True.
What is the second most common type of primary bone cancer?
Chondrosarcoma
Explain why Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy only affects young boys.
Affects only young boys due to a genetic mutation on the X chromosome, and boys have only one X chromosome.
What is a common condition in which people experience symptoms that include widespread pain and tenderness in the body, often accompanied by fatigue and problems with memory and concentration?
Fibromyalgia
