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CWE > South America > Flashcards

South America Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two DOC regions in Argentina?

A

Lujan de Cuyo and San Rafael are the only two DOC regions in Argentina.

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2
Q

What is significant about the Moya Vineyard?

A

The Moya Vineyard is the highest vineyard in Argentina (at 10,922 ft.)

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3
Q

What is Jujuy?

A

Jujuy is a wine region in northwest Argentina. It has extremely high elevations in the Andes mountains and limited acreage.

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4
Q

What is Harriague?

A

Harriague is the name for Tannat in Uruguay. It was named for Pascal Harriague who helped spread grapes through Uruguay.

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5
Q

Where is the Rapel Valley and what style of wine is produced there?

A

The Rapel Valley is in the Central Valley of Chile. It produces red wine. Sub-appellations include Cachapoal and Colchagua Valleys.

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6
Q

Where is the Curico Valley and what types of wines are made there?

A

The Curico Valley is in the Central Valley of Chile. The climate is warm with no maritime influence. It produces mostly inexpensive blended wines, both white and red, with Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Carmenère the most planted varieties.

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7
Q

Describe the Colonia District.

A

The Colonia District is located in southwest Uruguay along the Rio de La Plata Estuary. It is a historic wine production area focusing on Cabernet Sauvignon.

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8
Q

What is Pipeño?

A

Pipeño is a rustic wine from the Central Valley in Chile produced using Pais (Mission) grapes.

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9
Q

What is significant about San Rafael?

A

San Rafael is one of the only two DOCs in Argentina. It is located in Mendoza and grows mostly Malbec, but also quality Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Chardonnay.

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10
Q

Describe Planalto Caterinense.

A

Planalto Caterinense is a small appellation in Brazil with just 741 acres, planted at 2900-4600 feet elevations. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc are most grown.

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11
Q

What is Campanha?

A

Campanha is a wine region in Brazil, located on the southern border, close to Uruguay. It contains the oldest vineyards in Brazil. Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, and Tannat are the most grown varieties in the region.

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12
Q

What is Chapadmalal?

A

Chapadmalal is a wine region of Argentina, located about 200 miles south of Buenos Aires. They are the easternmost vineyards of Argentina.

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13
Q

Where is Black Muscat widely planted?

A

Black Muscat is widely planted in Uruguay where it is used to make rosés for domestic use as well as exporting to Brazil.

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14
Q

Where is Malleco Valley and what grapes are planted there?

A

Malleco Valley is the southernmost wine region In Del Sur (Chile). It has limited plantings of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.

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15
Q

What is the Austral Region?

A

The Austral Region is the southermost wine growing region of Chile. It has only a small amount of plantings, primarily Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir.

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16
Q

What is Chubut?

A

Chubut is the southernmost wine area in Argentina. It is close to the Atlantic, with 60% red varieties. Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Merlot, Malbec and Torrontes are the most planted varities.

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17
Q

Where is the Elqui Valley and what grapes are planted there?

A

The Elqui Valley is in Chile in the Coquimbo Region. It has cooling influences from the mountain air and/or the ocean. The most planted varieties are Sauvignon Blanc and Syrah.

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18
Q

What is Atacama?

A

Atacama is the northermost region of Chile, bordering the Atacama Desert. The grapes grown in the region are mostly used for Pisco, however, some Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc is also grown.

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19
Q

Where is the Serra Gaucha and what wines are produced there?

A

The Serra Gaucha is in Brazil. It accounts for 85% of the country’s wine production. It was settled by Italian immigrants who brought their wine culture with. Mainly focused on red wines including Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and tannat. Malvasia and Moscato are planted for sparkling wines used in Charmat method.

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20
Q

Where is Tucumán?

A

Tucumán is a small planting in Argentina (just over 280 acres of vine), mostly in the Calchaqui Valley, in a densely populated area.

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21
Q

Where is Rio Negro and what grapes are planted there?

A

Rio Negro is in Argentina, and has the lowest elevations in the country. Malbec, Merlot, Pinot Noir and Torrontes are the most widely planted grapes.

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22
Q

What are the Famatina Valleys?

A

The Famatina Valleys are in Argentina located on both sides of the Famatina mountain range.

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23
Q

What is the Northern Oasis?

A

The Northern Oasis is a sub-region of Mendoza.

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24
Q

Where is the Choapa Valley and what grapes are grown there?

A

Choapa Valley is in the Coquimbo region of Chile. It is Chile’s narrowest point and has desert-like conditions. The most widely planted grapes are Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah.

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25
Q

Where is the Maldonado Region?

A

The Maldonado Region is a popular wine tourism location on the Atlantic Coast of Uruguay. It has rocky soils, and a cool climate.

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26
Q

Where is Cafayate and what is produced there?

A

Cafayate is in Salta in Argentina. They produce high quality Torrontes as well as some Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon.

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27
Q

Where is the Leyda Valley and what wine is produced there?

A

The Leyda Valley is in the Aconcagua Region of Chile in the San Antonio Valley. It has cooler sites from morning fog and ocean breezes, and known for its granite soils. It is especially known for its Sauvignon Blanc, and also makes Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and some Syrah.

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28
Q

What are Vinos Finos?

A

Vinos Finos are high quality wines in Argentina. It is about 20% of the wine production in Argentina.

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29
Q

Where is the Limarí Valley and what wines are produced there?

A

The Limarí Valley is located in the Coquimbo region of Chile. Cooling influences are from the mountain air and ocean breezes due to the Humboldt Current. The main grape grown in the region is Chardonnay.

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30
Q

Where is the Coquimbo region and what wines are made there?

A

The Coquimbo region is the northernmost fine wine region in Chile. The most produced wines include Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Carmenère, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Syrah.

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31
Q

What are the Zonda Winds?

A

The Zonda winds are fierce winds in Argentina that can damages leaves and fruit.

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32
Q

What percentage of Chile’s wine grapes are grown in the Central Valley?

A

80% of the wine grapes of Chile are grown in the Central Valley.

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33
Q

What region has Uruguay’s largest percentage (60%) of commercial vineyards?

A

The Canelones District has Uruguay’s largest percentage of commercial vineyards - 60%.

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34
Q

What is the Primera Zona?

A

The Primera Zona is a sub-region of Medoza.

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35
Q

What is the leading grape variety in Uruguay?

A

Tannat is the leading grape in Uruguay. It accounts for nearly 25% of the vineyard area in the country.

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36
Q

What white grape variety introduced to Uruguay in the 2000s is seen as having great potential?

A

Albarino is seen as having great potential in Uruguay, particularly in certain spots near the coast where the climate is similar to Galicia.

37
Q

What grape is widely grown in Uruguay for use in Rosés?

A

Black Muscat is grown in Uruguay and used for Rosés for domestic use and export to Brazil.

38
Q

What is Vale dos Vinhedos?

A

Vale dos Vinhedos DO is Brazil’s first (and only) DO. It requires the use of Vinifera grapes, with Merlot and Chardonnay specified as flagship varieties.

39
Q

What is Serra do Sudeste?

A

Serra do Sudeste is a wine region of Brazil started in the 1970’s, increasing to large scale during the 2000s. Most grapes planted are transported to producers in Serra Gaucha.

40
Q

What is the Campos de Cima da Serra?

A

Campos de Cima da Serra is a relatively cool wine region in Brazil. Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Tannat, Riesling, Pinot Gris, and Gewurztraminer are made in the region.

41
Q

Where is the Vale do São Francisco, and what wines are produced there?

A

The Vale do São Francisco is a wine region in north-eastern Brazil. It is semi-tropical and has 2 harvest a year. It produces single variety reds and blends, as well as sparkling wines using both tank and traditional methods.

42
Q

What grapes are grown in the Buenos Aires wine region?

A

The Buenos Aires wine region, with less than 400 acres, has a cooler climate with more rainfall. Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir are the dominant grapes.

43
Q

What is the Calchaqui Valley?

A

A valley in Argentina that stretches across Tucuman, Catamarca, and Salta.

44
Q

Where is Catamarca and what are the dominant grape varieties?

A

Catamarca is between Salta and La Rioja in Argentina. 40% of the vines are native Criolla. The vineyards are in high elevation river valleys. Quality wine production is expanding, with Torrontes the leading export, with Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and Syrah grown as well.

45
Q

Where are the vineyards located in La Rioja Argentina, and what wines are made in the area?

A

Most of the vineyards are located in the Famatina Valleys, located on the sides of the Famatina mountain range. It is planted to 51% red grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Bonarda), but Torrontes is the most grown single variety (representing just over 32% of all plantings)

46
Q

What is Altura Maxima?

A

An ultra-high elevation vineyard in the Molinos subregion of Salta at 10,206 feet planted to Malbec.

47
Q

What are the three sub-regions of the Aconcagua region of Chile?

A

Aconcagua Valley
Casablanca Valley
San Antonio Valley

48
Q

Where is the Casablanca Valley, and what types of wine is produced there?

A

The Casablanca Valley is in the Aconcagua Region north of the Central Valley. It is the most coastal wine area in Chile, with a maritime climate. 75% of its production is white wines (Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc) but Pinot Noir is made as well.

49
Q

Describe the Aconcagua Valley.

A

Aconcagua Valley is the warmest sub-region of Aconcagua, with a Mediterranean climate. White grapes are grown near the coast, while the hotter interior is planted to Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Syrah.

50
Q

What is the largest sub-region in Chile?

A

Maule Valley

51
Q

What two zones are located in Rapel Valley?

A

Cachapoal and Colchagua.

52
Q

What are the main grapes planted in Bio Bio Valley?

A

Riesling, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc.

53
Q

Where is Del Sur and what are its three sub-regions

A

Del Sur (Southern Regions) is south of the Central Valley in Chile. The three sub-regions are Itata Valley, Bio Bio Valley, and Malleco Valley.

54
Q

What percentage of plantings in Chile are in the Del Sur region?

A

10%

55
Q

Where is Cachapoal Valley and what are the dominant grape varieties?

A

Cachapoal is a zone of the Rapel Valley in Chile and a sub-region of the Central Valley. It is a warm area, wtih Carmenère, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Merlot the most planted varieties.

56
Q

Where is Colchagua, and what is produced there?

A

Colchagua is in Chile, in the Rapel Valley subregion of the Central Valley Region. It produces full-bodies, premium reds from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Camenère.

57
Q

What grapes are grown in Itata Valley?

A

Pais (mission grapes) and Moscatel are the most planted grapes in the region. There is also old-vine Carignan, and Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Syrah are planted as well.

58
Q

Where is the Maule Valley and what types of wines are made there?

A

The Maule Valley is in the Central Vineyards of Chile, on the southern end. It is warm but has cooling ocean influences and a mild, dry climate allowing for organic practices. The main grapes are Cabernet Sauvignon, Pais (Mission) Malbec, Cabernet Franc, and Carmenère. There is dry farmed, old vine Carignan as well.

59
Q

What is pipeño?

A

A rustic style of wine made in the Maule Valley from Pais grapes.

60
Q

Where is the San Antonio Valley and what wines are produced there?

A

The San Antonio Valley is in the Aconcagua region of Chile, close to the Pacific. It is a cool climate, with Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Syrah and Sauvignon Blanc the dominant varieties.

61
Q

What is the sub-zone of San Antonio Valley?

A

Leyda Valley.

62
Q

Where is the Uco Valley?

A

The Uco Valley is a sub-region of Mendoza.

63
Q

What are the 5 sub-regions of Mendoza?

A

Uco Valley
Primera Zona
Northern Oasis
East Mendoza
South Mendoza

64
Q

What are the main grapes grown in Mendoza?

A

Over 60% of Mendoza is red grapes. These include Malbec, Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Tempranillo. White grapes are Chardonnay, Torrontes, and Sauvignon Blanc.

65
Q

Which DOC is located in the Primera Zona of Mendoza?

A

Lujan de Cuyo.

66
Q

Which DOC is located in South Mendoza?

A

San Rafael DOC.

67
Q

Where is San Juan and what wines are produced there?

A

San Juan is between La Rioja and Mendoza in Argentina. About a third of the wines are red, a third white, and a third Criolla. Syrah, Malbec, Bonarda, and Cabernet Sauvignon are the reds and Torrontes Sanjuanino, Torrontes Rioja, Chardonnay, Torrontes Mendocino, Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, and viognier are the main white grapes.

68
Q

Describe Neuguen.

A

Neuguen is a wine area of Argentina south of Mendoza, considered part of Patagonia. The majority of vineyards are in the basins of the Limay and Neuquen rivers. Nearly 85% of the grapes planted are red varieties, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Pinot Noir. The white wines, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Semillon have an excellent reputation.

69
Q

Where is Lujan de Cuyo?

A

In the Primera Zona of Mendoza.

70
Q

What are the three appellation levels in Argentina?

A

DOC (highest)
IG (PGI)
IP (Table wines/regional wines)

71
Q

Where is Cordoba, and what wines are made there?

A

Cordoba is in Argentina, in the center of the country. Merlot, Pinot Noir, Malbec, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc are the main grapes of the area.

72
Q

What is the history of wine in Cordoba?

A

Jesuit missionaries began making wine in Cordoba in the 1600s, until 1767 when expelled from Argentina by Spain, and the vineyards were abandoned. In the 1870s Italian immigrants brought wine back to the area.

73
Q

Where is La Pampa, and what wines are made there?

A

Argentina, in the center of the country. Nearly half the plantings are Malbec. Other varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, and Chardonnay.

74
Q

What are the leading grapes of the Buenos Aires wine region?

A

Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay. Some Pinot Noir and other red grapes are grown here as well.

75
Q

What percentage of Chile’s wine is exported?

A

About 67%

76
Q

What was Merlot Chileno?

A

A term for spicy Merlot, it was originally believed that the Carmenère grown in Chile was a particular style of Merlot.

77
Q

What is Chile’s system for wine categorization?

A

Geographic place-of-origin laws similar to the US, the DO (Denominacion de Origen) system. If a place of origin, vintage or variety is named on the label, it must be at least 75% of the wine.

78
Q

What are the three designations that may be added to wine DO’s based on geography in Chile?

A

Costa (Coast)
Entre Cordilleras (Between the Mountains)
Andes

79
Q

What are the six main wine regions of Chile?

A

Atacama
Coquimbo
Aconcagua
Central Valley
Del Sur
Austral Region

80
Q

What are the sub-regions of the Central Valley?

A

Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley
Curico Valley
Maule Valley

81
Q

Where is the Maipo Valley, and what type of wine is made there?

A

The Central Valley of Chile, surrounding the city of Santiago. The center of Chilean winemaking culture. The specialty of the region is Cabernet Sauvignon, also grows Merlot, Chardonnay, Carmenère, Sauvignon Blanc, and Syrah.

82
Q

Approximately what percentage of Uruguay’s vineyards are Tannat?

A

About 25%

83
Q

What are the two main sub-regions of Atacama?

A

Copiapo Valley
Huasco Valley

84
Q

What are three sub-regions of Coquimbo?

A

Elqui Valley
Choapa Valley
Limari Valley

85
Q

What wine regions is located at the narrowest section of Chile?

A

Choapa Valley

86
Q

What are the 2 sub-regions of the Austral Region?

A

Cautin Valley
Osorno Valley

87
Q

What state in Brazil leads wine production?

A

Rio Grande do Sur

88
Q

What is Concha y Toro?

A

The dominant wine producer in Latin America, founded in Chile.

CWE (34 decks)

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