MOINA Muscles of the Sole of the Foot

Question 1

abductor hallucis

Answer 1

origin: medial tuberosity of calcaneum and flexor retinaculum
insertion: base of proximal phalanx of big toe

nerve: medial plantar nerve

abducts and flexes big toe; braces medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 2

flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 2

origin: medial tubercle of calcaneum
insertion: four tendons into four lateral toes inserted into borders of middle phalanx

nerve: medial plantar nerve

flexes lateral four toes; braces medial and lateral longitudinal arches of the foot

Question 3

abductor digiti minimi

Answer 3

origin: medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneum
insertion: base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe

nerve: lateral plantar nerve

abducts and flexes fifth toe; braces lateral longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 4

quadratus plantae

Answer 4

origin: medial and lateral sides of calcaneum
insertion: tendon of flexor digitorum longus

nerve: lateral plantar nerve

assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four toes

Question 5

lumbricals (foot)

Answer 5

origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
insertion: dorsal extensor expansion; bases of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes

medial plantar nerve (1st lumbrical); lateral plantar nerve (remainder)

extends toes at interphalangeal joints

Question 6

flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 6

origin: cuboid, lateral cuneiform, and tibialis posterior insertion
insertion: medial tendon into medial side of base proximal phalanx of big toe; lateral tendon into lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

nerve: medial plantar nerve

flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; supports medial longitudinal arch of big toe

Question 7

adductor hallucis

Answer 7

origin: bases of second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones (oblique head) and plantar ligaments (transverse head)
insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

nerve: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; holds together metatarsal bones

Question 8

flexor digiti minimi brevis

Answer 8

origin: base of fifth metatarsal bone
insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

nerve: lateral plantar nerve

flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe

Question 9

dorsal interossei

Answer 9

origin: adjacent sides of metatarsal bones
insertion: bases of proximal phalanges; first into medial side of second toe, remainder into lateral sides of second, third, and fourth toes

nerve: lateral plantar nerve

abducts toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

Question 10

palmar interossei

Answer 10

origin: inferior surfaces of third, fourth, and fifth toes
insertion: medial surfaces of bases of proximal phalanges of lateral three toes

nerve: lateral plantar nerve

adducts toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints