Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Types of muscle
[3]

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

Function of skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary control
Helps to move + breathe

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3
Q

Function of cardiac muscle

A

The heart

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4
Q

Function of smooth muscle

A

Surround hollow organs

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5
Q

How is contraction initiated

A

A rise in intracellular calcium

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6
Q

In striated muscles what does calcium bind to

A

Troponin complex

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7
Q

In smooth muscle what does calcium bind to

A

Calmodulin

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8
Q

What is the structure of straited muscle

A

Actin and myosin forming a cross bridge

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9
Q

What is a troponin complex

A

Calcium binding protein

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10
Q

First step of cross bridge cycle

A

ATP binds to myosin head

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11
Q

After ATP binds what happens

A

ATP is hydrolysed
Myosin head goes to resting position

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12
Q

How is a power stroke created

A

When phosphate is released
Formation changes

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13
Q

Cross bridge cycle
[5]

A

ATP binds to myosin head
ATP hydrolysed, myosin head goes to resting position
Cross bridge formed
P is released, making power stroke
ADP released

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14
Q

How does action potential change the calcium concentration

A

AP causes ACh to release
End plate potential initiates an AP
AP cause calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Increase intracellular calcium conc cause contraction

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15
Q

In skeletal muscle what is needed to cause a strongcontraction

A

Summation of twitches

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16
Q

Contraction in cardiac muscle

A

AP is initiated within the sinoatrial node of the heart.
AP goes through the cardiac muscle.
Ca2+ enters each heart cell during the AP.
Ca2+ causes release of more Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum