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BS0012 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Cardiovascular diseases

A

Disease of the heart + blood vessels

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2
Q

Example of things that lead to cardiovascular diseases

A

Age
Sex
Obesity
Smoking
Family history
High blood pressure
Diabetes
High cholesterol

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3
Q

Types of cardiovascular diseases

A

Coronary artery disease
Heart failure
Stroke
Chronic kidney disease

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4
Q

Two phases of a heart beat

A

Systole (pumping)
Diastole (relax)

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5
Q

What is cardiac output

A

Amount of blood pumped out the heart per minute

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6
Q

Cardiac out equation

A

CO = HR x SV

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7
Q

What I’d blood pressure

A

The force of blood pushing against artery walls

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8
Q

Systemic vascular resistance

A

Resistance in circulatory system used to make blood pressure

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9
Q

When blood vessels constrict. What happens to SVR

A

Systemic vascular resistance increase

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10
Q

When blood vessels dilate. What happens to SVR

A

Systemic vascular resistance decrease

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11
Q

How is blood pressure maintained

A

Using a sphygmomanometer

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12
Q

What two readings does a sphygmomanometer show

A

Systolic BP
diastolic BP

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13
Q

What is systolic blood pressure

A

When heart contracts and highest pressure

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14
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

When heart relaxes and lowest pressure

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15
Q

Average systolic BP

A

120mmHg

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16
Q

Average diastolic BO

A

80mmHg

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17
Q

What organs control pressure

A

Kidneys
Heart
Brain.
Arteries

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18
Q

How do kidneys control blood pressure

A

(RAAS)
Renin. Angiotensin aldosterone system

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19
Q

What happens to blood in the kidneys

A

filtered to remove water + toxins

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20
Q

What is the nephron made up of

A

The glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Renal tubule

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21
Q

Role of bowman’s capsule

Study These Flashcards
A

Helps filter blood

22
Q

What happens to the kidneys when BP drops

Study These Flashcards
A

Reduce blood flow to kidney

23
Q

What happens to the renal tubules when BP drops

Study These Flashcards
A

Reduce filtration
Less sodium delivered

24
Q

What happens to RAAS when BP drops

Study These Flashcards
A

it’s activated to increase BP

25
RAAS
Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I angiotensin I - angiotensin II angiotensin II = makes blood vessel constrict Adrenal gland release aldosterone Aldosterone goes back to kidney
26
What enzyme converts angiotensin | to angiotensin |
ACE
27
Consequence of hypertension
Stroke Heart attack Heart failure Peripheral vascular disease Chronic kidney disease
28
What is classed as hypertension
Systolic bp >140mmHg Diastolic bp >90mmHg
29
Cause of heart failure
Diabetes Hypertension Myocardial disease Valvular heart dishes Ischaemic heart disease
30
Clinical feature of HF diagnosis
Fluid retention Shortness of breath Chest pain Palpitations Fainting Dizziness
31
Key blood test for HF diagnosis
NT pro BNP
32
Key imaging test for HF diagnosis
ECG or cardiac MRI
33
Chronic kidney disease
Reduction in kidney function for >3 months
34
Cause of chronic kidney disease
Diabetes hypertension Genetic disease Vascular disease
35
Clinical feature for CKD diagnosis
Fluid retention Shortness of breath Weakness
36
Key test for CKD diagnosis
Measure kidney function Measure urine protein
37
Common cause of HF and CKF
Diabetes Hypertension
38
Key drugs to treat
Diuretics ACE inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers
39
How do ACE inhibitors work
Blocks enzyme ACE from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
40
How do angiotensin receptor blockers work
Block effects of angiotensin II
41
What vein carries oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein
42
What is RAAS
Regulated feedback
43
Role of aldosterone
Allow salt and water to re absorbed by kidney
44
Natriuretic meaning
“Make you wee”
45
What would a patient with heart disease or CKD look like
Fluid in lung Swollen ankle Swollen stomach Congested
46
Where does loop diuretics work
In the ascending loop
47
How do loop diuretics work
Block sodium and potassium reabsorption
48
How does loop diuretic help a patient
49
How do ace inhibitors lower blood pressure
Stop constriction of arteries
50
What does the reduction in aldosterone produce cause
Retention of salt and water

BS0012 (12 decks)

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