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A&P RMT > fluids/blood > Flashcards

fluids/blood Flashcards

1
Q

explain intracellular fluids

A

2/3 of total fluids
inside cell - intracellular compartment

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2
Q

where is the highest concentration of potassium

A

intracellular fluid

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3
Q

ex’s) of EXtracellular fluids

A

interstitial, intravascular

lymph, cerebrospinal, synovial
aqueous/vitreous,
endolymph, perilymph
pericardial, peritoneal, pleural

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4
Q

mild dehydration

A

2% loss, no symptoms

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5
Q

moderate dehydration

A

5-10% loss
headache, less urine, fatigue, dizziness, nausea

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6
Q

serious dehydration

A

10-15%
confusion
no urine
muscle cramps
electrolyte imbalance

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7
Q

what does aldosterone do

A

promote urinary reabsorption of Na+
reduces loss of water in urine
keeps water in

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8
Q

where is the thirst centre

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

water and solute loss is affected by

A

aldosterone
atrial natriuretic peptide
antidiuretic hormone

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10
Q

hypertonic solution

A

water flows OUT
cell shrinks and dies

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11
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion involving water

molecules pass thru semi permeable membrane from low to high concentration

aquaporins

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12
Q

what causes edema

A

when too much water collects in the interstitial fluid

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13
Q

what do electrolytes do

A

control movement of substances
help maintain acid/base balance
carry electrical current
act as enzyme

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14
Q

what is an electrolyte

A

an ion forms when it dissolves and electrolytes have dissociated

conducts electrical current

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15
Q

how do we maintain pH

A

buffer systems
exhalation of CO2
kidneys excrete H+ or OH- in urine

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16
Q

what is pH

A

measurement of how acidic or basic a solution is

POTENTIALHYDROGEN

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17
Q

what is pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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18
Q

which cells have cell identity markers

A

white blood cells

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19
Q

what is erythropoietin

A

hormone produced in kidneys

regulates red blood cells

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20
Q

what cells release histamine

A

basophils

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21
Q

monocytes are

A

agranular

22
Q

how does prothrombinase relate to hemostasis

A

helps form blood clot prothrombinase converts prothrombin into thrombin

23
Q

ion in hemostasis require in making of prothrombinase into thrombin

A

Ca2+ calcium

24
Q

what cells DO NOT have nucleus

A

RBC

25
Q

components of blood and % of blood in elements

A

blood plasma 55%
formed elements 45%

26
Q

what is a reticulocyte

A

immature red blood cell

27
Q

most numerous types of blood cells

A

red blood cells

28
Q

what does the kidney produce

A

erythropoetin

29
Q

how does the kidney regulate blood cells

A

stimulates RBC precursor cells

30
Q

other name for RBC

A

erythrocytes

31
Q

another name for WBC

A

leukocytes

32
Q

what do WBC do

A

protect against infection

33
Q

what do RBC do

A

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

34
Q

what does a blood cell contain

A

hemoglobin

35
Q

which leukocytes are granular

A

neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils

36
Q

which leukocytes are agranular

A

lymphocytes
monocytes

37
Q

what leukocytes fight infection

A

lymphocytes

38
Q

which leukocytes are effective against parasite worms

A

eosinophils

39
Q

what do basophils later become

A

mast cells, release histamine

40
Q

how long do RBCS live for

A

120 days

41
Q

how long do platelets live for

A

5-9 days

42
Q

process of clotting hemostasis

(VPB)

A

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting

43
Q

universal blood donor type

A

O

44
Q

types of embolisms and where they occur

A

pulmonary - pulmonary vein
coronary - coronary artery
cerebral - cerebral artery

45
Q

no antigens - type O
antigen A - type A
antigen B - type B
antigen A&B - type AB

A
46
Q

what do lymphocytes differentiate into

A

B&T cells

47
Q

where is erythropoietin produced

A

kidneys

48
Q

where is thrombopoietin produced

A

liver

49
Q

where are cytokines produced

A

red bone marrow cells (stimulate WBC precursor cells)

50
Q
A

A&P RMT (7 decks)

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