FINAL

Question 1

growth and stimulation is stimulated by what hormones

Answer 1

erythropoietin - KIDNEY
thrombopoietin - liver
cytokines - bone marrow

Question 2

what is the major histocompatibility agent

Answer 2

specialized protein in plasma membrane

cell identity markers

Question 3

process of hemostasis

Answer 3

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting

Question 3

how does capillary exchange work

Answer 3

diffusion
transcytosis
bulk flow

Question 3

what is vascular resistance

Answer 3

the opposition of blood flow due to friction created between blood and the vessel walls

Question 4

what does RAAS do

Answer 4

stimulate vasoconstriction, stimulate aldosterone secretion is reabsorbed and then increase in blood volume and blood pressure

Question 5

basic definition of shock

Answer 5

failure of cardiovascular system to deliver enough O2 and nutrients

Question 6

the two branches that come off coronary artery

Answer 6

anterior descending branch and circumflex branch

Question 7

where does the hepatic portal vein take nutrient rich blood from the GI tract and shunts it to where?

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

3 steps to capillary exchange

Answer 8

diffusion
transcytosis
bulk flow

Question 9

innermost layer of all blood vessels is called ?

Answer 9

endothelium

Question 10

which WBC are granular

Answer 10

neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils

Question 11

what granular WBCS destroy bacteria and are the most common

Answer 11

neutrophils

Question 12

which WBC release histamine &serotonin that intensify an inflammatory reaction

Answer 12

basophils

Question 13

which WBC combat against worms and release histaminase to combat histamine in an allergic reaction

Answer 13

eosinophils

Question 14

what is blood plasma made of

Answer 14

water, solutes

(proteins, electrolytes, gases, waste products)

Question 15

hemostasis - 3 steps that stop bleeding

Answer 15

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting

Question 16

if blood type A, what type antibody

Answer 16

B

Question 17

if type O what type anitbodies

Answer 17

no antibodies
AB antigens

Question 18

describe capillaries in bone marrow

Answer 18

sinusoids
large pores, partial basement membrane
intercellular clefts
RBCs can fit through
found in red bone marrow
leaky walls

Question 19

what do satellite cells do

Answer 19

surround cell body in the PNS
provide structural support

Question 20

what is the type of conduction in unmyelinated axons

Answer 20

continuous conduction

Question 21

what helps control BP? question on test

Answer 21

answer is NOT PULMONARY

Question 22

stages of deep wound healing

Answer 22

inflammatory
migratory
proliferation
maturation

Question 23

how does slow axonal transport work

Answer 23

speed is 1-5mm per day
carry materials from cell body to axon
ONE DIRECTION ONLY

Question 24

what are the functional types of neurons and what do they do

Answer 24

sensory (afferent) - ascending, action potentials INTO

motor (efferent) - - descending - AWAY

interneuron (association) - one process - sensory for touch ext

Question 25

what are the structural classifications of neurons

Answer 25

multipolar - several dendrites
bipolar - one main dendrite
unipolar - dendrite and axon fused together

Question 26

what is myelin

Answer 26

multilayered lipid and protein that covers axons

increases speed of action potentials

Question 27

what is bone tissue made of

Answer 27

extracellular matrix

15% water
30% collagen fibres
55% crystalized mineral salts

most abundant is calcium phosphate

Question 28

what is the skeletal tissue made of

Answer 28

bone tissue & cartilage

Question 29

what are fats oxidative - glycolytic muscle fibres

Answer 29

medium, dark red
lots of myoglobin
rich blood supply
moderate fatigue resistant

(walking, sprinting)

Question 30

where action potentials arise

Answer 30

transverse tubules
terminal cistern

Question 31

what is a neuromuscular junction

Answer 31

where a somatic nerve comes in contact with a muscle

propagates nerve impulses towards both end of muscle fibre

Question 32

what is the epidermis made of

Answer 32

epithelial tissue
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 33

basale spinosum granulosum lucidum corneum

Answer 33

BSGLC

Question 34

what is the dermis made of

Answer 34

dense irregular connective tissue that contains collagen, elastic fibres

has blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
temp stability
prevents dehydration

Question 35

what is the hypodermis made of

Answer 35

loose areolar CT and adipose tissue
contains pressure sensitive nerve endings

Question 36

sudoriferous are

Answer 36

sweat glands

Question 37

where can u find ligand gated channels & what do they do

Answer 37

resting membrane potential

chemicals like neurotransmitters or hormones stimulate channels to open

Question 38

whats the innermost layer of a blood vessel called

Answer 38

tunica interna - touches lumen

Question 39

how neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft

Answer 39

diffusion
enzymatic degration
re uptake by cells

Question 40

what happens in the neuromuscular junction to create an action potential to create a muscle contraction

Answer 40

1) release of acetylcholine (Ca2+ flows into motor neuron)

2) activates acetylcholine receptors (Na+ enters muscle fibre)

3) produces an action potential (increase in Ca2+ starts contraction cycle)

4) acetylcholine actvity stops

Question 41

what does vascular resistance depend on

Answer 41

diameter of blood vessel lumen
blood viscosity
blood vessel length

Question 42

what helps venous return

Answer 42

skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump

Question 43

what helps control blood pressure

Answer 43

autoregulation
physical changes
chemical changes

Question 44

what neuron has one main dendrite & one main neuron

Answer 44

bi polar

Question 45

what is the endoplasmic reticulum called in a neuron

Answer 45

nissl bodies

Question 46

what 2 pressures promote filtration

Answer 46

blood hydrostatic pressure

interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Question 47

what 2 pressures promote reabsorption

Answer 47

blood colloid osmotic pressure

interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure